Phenotyping Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer

Conditions studied

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cancer

About this study

Recent research has highlighted the significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer, both prevalent and impactful on global health. The intrinsic correlation arises from shared metabolic processes, particularly a systemic and chronic inflammatory state driven by factors like obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. This leads to the creation of a self-sustaining microenvironment known as meta-inflammation, promoting cancer development through DNA damage, oxidative stress, and the influence of hormones like leptin. The hyperglycemic environment in diabetes contributes to cancer development, supporting the Warburg effect and insulin-related mechanisms. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with diabetes that impact tumor development and progression, crucial for guiding effective preventive strategies in clinical practice. Primary objective of the study: \- identify the risk factors affecting the occurrence of cancer in the population affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus; Secondary objectives of the study: * description of the demographic, clinical and first-line therapy characteristics of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus; * assess risk factors for recurrence, presence of a second tumour not related to the first and the presence of both events in patients who have had a tumor within 10 years of diagnosis of diabetes; * assess the relationship between the characteristics of patients and the time to the onset of cancer.

Interventions

• Other: phenotyping of patients followed at a third-level diabetes centre with cancer — Collection of the following data for each patient enrolled, where possible: * Gender and age; * Smoking habits and alcohol consumption (units per day); * Weight and body mass index (BMI) at first (T0) and last visit (T1); * Given by the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus; * Treatment of type 2 diabetes at T0 and T1; * Levels of glycated hemoglobin (hba1c) at T0 and T1, mean hba1c and mean fasting blood sugar; * Creatinine clearance at T0 and T1; * Liver enzymes at T0 and T1: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); * T0 and T1 lipid profile: low density lipoproteins (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG); * Complications of type 2 diabetes; * Treatment of cancer; * Family history of cancer.

Primary outcomes

• Smoking assessment at first visit (Assessment of data at time 0 (first clinical visit))
• Alcool consumption at first visit (Assessment of data at time 0 (first clinical visit))
• BMI assessment at first visit (Assessment of data at time 0 (first clinical visit))
• Glycated assessment at first visit (Assessment of data at time 0 (first clinical visit))