Gut Microbiota in IBD With Comorbid Depressive Disorder

Inclusion Criteria: IBD with Depressive Disorder Group: 1. Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (ICD-10 codes: K50-K51). 2. History of depressive disorder diagnosis or previous use of antidepressant medications. 3. Age ≥ 18 years. 4. Willingness to participate and provision of written informed consent. IBD without Depressive Disorder Group: 1. Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (ICD-10 codes: K50-K51). 2. No history of depressive disorder diagnosis 3. No previous use of antidepressant medications. 4. Age ≥ 18 years. 5. Willingness to participate and provision of written informed consent. Control Group: 1. No history of inflammatory bowel disease, depressive disorder, or use of antidepressant medications. 2. No gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain) within the past 3 months, and no history of gastrointestinal diseases. 3. Age ≥ 18 years. 4. Willingness to participate and provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of other major chronic diseases or infections (e.g., malignancy, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease). 2. Use of antibiotics or probiotic supplements within the past 6 months. 3. Inability or difficulty in providing biological samples. 4. Missing essential patient information.