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Inclusion Criteria: * Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. * Ability to understand and follow simple instructions and to participate in the experimental procedures. * Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤ 6.5. * Ability to maintain upright standing position (with or without assistive device) and perform basic static and dynamic balance tasks required for the intervention. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of metallic implants in the skull, cranial deformities, or absence of cranial vault. * Cardiac arrhythmias or atrioventricular block. * Congenital abnormalities, including congenital heart disease or pulmonary malformations. * History of seizures. * Use of medications that significantly interfere with autonomic nervous system function, such as antiarrhythmic drugs or insulin. * Inability to perform the proposed physical and virtual reality-based exercises. * Inability to tolerate neuromodulation or electrostimulation procedures. * Non-attendance at baseline or post-intervention assessment sessions, or absence in three or more intervention sessions. * Incomplete completion of study procedures or withdrawal for any reason.

Inclusion Criteria: * Be willing and able to provide consent for the study * Age ≥ 18 on the day consent is obtained * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≤ 2 * Patients must be postmenopausal the time of study entry * Stage I or II breast cancer using Tumor, Nodes and Metastasis (TNM) stage groups per American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition * Plan for upfront breast surgery with mastectomy or partial mastectomy and does not require pre-operative systemic therapy per standard of care * Must have tissue available from initial breast biopsy performed per standard of care * have the ability in the opinion of the investigator to adhere to a ketogenic diet and comply with study requirements such as ability to participate in telemedicine, utilize apps on a smart device, measure glucose/ketones at home, accurately log food intake and exercise, prepare food that is in line with ketogenic diet Exclusion Criteria: * Clinical indication for neoadjuvant therapy * Partial mastectomy or mastectomy planned for less than 3 weeks from study entry * Inability to comply with ketogenic diet * Consistent use of ketogenic diet within past 3 months * Participation in another diet program during study period * Nonepithelial breast malignancy such as sarcoma or lymphoma * Body Mass Index \< 18.5 * Comorbidities and/or active or ongoing illness that in the opinion of the investigator will limit patient's ability to safely participate in study * Type I diabetes * Use of insulin or other oral hypoglycemic drugs for diabetes * Has had any of the following within the past 6 months * Myocardial infarction or unstable angina * Ventricular arrythmia * Acute decompensated heart failure * Cerebrovascular accident * Hypertensive emergency * Uncontrolled hypertension despite antihypertensive use * End-stage renal, liver, or cardiac disease * genetic disorders that affect lipid metabolism (example: pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, porphyria, primary carnitine deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I or II deficiency, carnitine translocase deficiency, beta-oxidation defects, among others) * G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency * Malabsorption syndromes (such as but not limited to inflammatory bowel disease, history of gastric sleeve, prior bowel resection) * History of recurrent kidney stones or predisposition to kidney stones * Triglycerides ≥ 500 * Has known psychiatric or substance use disorders that would interfere with participation in the study

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Women with diagnosed pregestational type 2 diabetes or HbA1c \>6.5% in the 1st trimester (ADA, PTD) 2. Age 18-45 years 3. Gestational age of 16 weeks +0 days or less at baseline 4. Singleton pregnancy 5. HbA1c at baseline 5.0-10% 6. A viable pregnancy at the recruitment 7. Willingness to continue the treatment until delivery in the clinic Exclusion Criteria: 1. Other types of diabetes including T1D and Monogenic diabetes 2. Major fetal congenital defects 3. Severe nephropathy, psychiatric illness or other serious medical disorder that in the judgment of the investigator could affect completion of the trial 4. Pump therapy before pregnancy

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult (≥ 18 to ≤ 75yrs) * Male or female * Chronic Injury (\>1yr) * Diagnosis of SCI at levels between C5 to T10 (AIS A-D) with traumatic or non-traumatic etiology. * ≥3 Cardiometabolic risk parameters Exclusion Criteria: * A prior or current history of venous thromboembolism * Pressure injury of the pelvis, mid to upper thigh region, or foot * Managing a lower limb fracture * Any history of embolic stroke * Myocardial infarction * Current untreated hypertension * Language, psychiatric, cognitive, or communicative disability (e.g., traumatic brain injury) that compromises the participant's autonomy to voluntarily join the study, follow its instructions and/or operate the device. * Current alcohol or street drug use disorder. * Current use of an anticoagulant medication. * Frequent episodes of autonomic dysreflexia unresponsive to therapy (e.g., 3-5 times a week). * Unresolved deep vein thromboembolism (VTE) in the past six months. * Severe spasticity preventing the necessary range of motion for cycling. * Active implantable medical device (e.g., pacemaker, ITB pump). * Inability to provide informed consent. * Severe active concurrent medical conditions (e.g., skin or respiratory infections, lung, pressure sores). * Unstable spine or unhealed limbs or pelvic fractures. * Active heterotopic ossification interfering with the lower extremity range of motion.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged between 30 and 65 years old. 2. Office blood pressure with systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140-159 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90-99 mmHg. 3. No intake of any antihypertensive drugs or have discontinued antihypertensive medication for at least 3 months prior to randomization; no intention to receive any other antihypertensive therapy within the 15-week study period. 4. Written informed consent has been obtained from the subject or their legally authorized representative after being informed of the potential risks. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Known or suspected secondary hypertension. 2. Contraindications to TI treatment or sham TI treatment, including intracranial metal implants (e.g., pacemaker, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, vascular clip), craniocerebral surgery within the last 6 months, history of intracranial tumor or hemorrhage; skin damage, infection, eczema or allergy at the stimulation site (frontal/temporal region); severe skin diseases (e.g., psoriasis). 3. Subjects with high risk of cerebrovascular disease indicated by cranial magnetic resonance imaging. 4. History of myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction. 5. Atrial fibrillation or other severe arrhythmias, such as severe bradycardia, third-degree atrioventricular block, or ventricular tachycardia. 6. Severe or unstable medical conditions, including severe hepatic dysfunction (defined as alanine transaminase or aspartate transaminase level more than 2 times the upper limit of normal), severe renal dysfunction (defined as serum creatinine level more than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal), and severe heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III and IV). 7. Females who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant within one year. 8. Individuals unable to cooperate due to mental illness or other reasons. 9. Participants enrolled in other clinical trials within 3 months prior to randomization. 10. Participants deemed ineligible for this trial for other reasons determined by the investigator.

Inclusion Criteria: * 1\. Male or female participants aged between 18 and 75 years (inclusive) at the screening visit. 2\. Diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) classified according to the \*2021 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension\*, and belonging to one of the following subgroups: * Subgroup Ⅰ: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) under the category of arterial pulmonary hypertension * Subgroup Ⅱ: Pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease (congenital heart disease) 3. World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class III or IV symptoms at screening. 4\. Meet all of the following hemodynamic criteria confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC) at study screening: mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≤ 15 mmHg. 5\. Able to walk a minimum of 100 meters and a maximum of 440 meters during the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) at the screening visit; in addition, participants must demonstrate stable baseline 6MWT performance between the screening visit and the randomization visit. 6\. Participants with pulmonary hypertension who are either treatment-naïve or currently receiving treatment: for participants who have received prior treatment (defined as having used PAH-targeted therapeutic agents within 4 weeks before screening), mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg and PCWP ≤ 15 mmHg must be confirmed at the randomization visit. 7\. Able to understand study procedures, willing to comply with study restrictions, and willing and able to provide written informed consent prior to the initiation of all study-related procedures. Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Meet any of the following criteria: 2. Diagnosed with Group 3 or Group 5 pulmonary hypertension (PH) according to the \*2021 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension\*. 3\. Echocardiogram within 6 months before screening indicates left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%, or clinically significant ischemic mitral or aortic valve disease, or constrictive heart disease as judged by the investigator. 4\. Presence of 3 or more of the following risk factors for left ventricular dysfunction: * Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² at screening visit * History of essential hypertension * Diabetes mellitus of any type * History of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by any of the following: * History of myocardial infarction * History of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) * Angiographic evidence of ≥ 50% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery * Positive cardiac stress imaging test * History of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) * History of chronic stable angina or unstable angina 5. Uncontrolled systemic arterial hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 110 mmHg at randomization visit (Day 1). 6\. History of long QT syndrome or torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia. 7. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening visit. 8\. Severe renal impairment: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m² at screening calculated by the CKD-EPI formula. 9\. Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) at screening visit, with or without cirrhosis; patients receiving renal dialysis or with a history of renal transplantation. 10\. Known coagulation defects, including: hereditary or acquired coagulation disorders (factor XII deficiency, factor XIII deficiency), reduced coagulation factor production due to acute or chronic liver disease, impaired coagulation efficiency caused by lupus anticoagulant, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or anticoagulant factor autoantibodies. 11\. Evidence or history of major hemorrhage or intracranial hemorrhage. 12. History of increased intracranial pressure. 13. Pregnant or lactating women. 14. Any surgical or medical condition that may significantly alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of any drug, including but not limited to: history of major gastrointestinal surgery deemed clinically significant by the investigator within 12 months before screening (e.g., gastrectomy, gastrointestinal stoma anastomosis, intestinal resection, gastric bypass surgery, gastroenterostomy, or gastric banding), current active inflammatory bowel disease, or history of active inflammatory bowel disease. 15\. Any surgical or medical condition not specified in the protocol that, in the investigator's opinion, would expose the patient to higher risk due to study participation, or may prevent the patient from complying with study requirements or completing the trial period. 16\. Patients who are unwilling or unable to safely discontinue current pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted medications during the study as required by the protocol. 17\. History of any contraindication or hypersensitivity reaction to any study drug or drugs with similar chemical structures. 18\. History of active substance abuse (including alcohol) within the past 1 year, or patients considered potentially unreliable by the investigator. 19\. Personnel directly involved in the conduct of this clinical study.

Inclusion Criteria: * Males and females aged 50-70 years * BMI between 25-30 kg/m2 * HbA1c ≤7% for T2D * HbA1c ≤6.5% for prediabetes * HbA1c ≤5.7% for controls * Signed Project Information and Informed Consent Form * Signed Data Processing Consent Form Exclusion Criteria: * Lipid-lowering therapy with ezetimibe, fenofibrate, omega-3 fatty acids, or other drugs that can interfere with lipoprotein absorption and metabolism * Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<60 ml/min and renal impairment (e.g., uACR ≥30 mg/mmol) for 3 months or more * Secondary or syndromic forms of obesity * Patients on insulin therapy * All acute and chronic conditions that, in the opinion of the investigators, may cause bias. * Hospitalization for acute illness or major surgery in the last 6 months * Patients on stable therapy for less than 3 months * Allergy or intolerance to one or more components of the meal used in the protocol * Pregnancy or breastfeeding * Habitual consumption of alcoholic beverages (\>20 g/day for females and \>30 g/day for males) or unwillingness to abstain from alcoholic beverages during the study run-in period * All subjects who do not consent to participate in the study

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Diagnosis of MDD per DSM-5 2. Male or female aged 18 to 74 3. Currently experiencing a major depressive episode (MDE) of ≥8 weeks and ≤24 months duration 4. MADRS Total Score ≥26 5. CGI-S Score ≥4 Exclusion Criteria: 1. Certain psychiatric disorders (other than major depressive disorder) 2. First degree relative with or lifetime history of a psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder 3. Current diagnosis of alcohol or substance use disorder (excluding nicotine and caffeine 4. Any clinically significant unstable illness

Inclusion Criteria: * Decision to treat by MP-CPC Laser * Patients diagnosed with Glaucoma * Patients aged 18 years old and above * Glaucoma that is inadequately controlled on medical therapy Exclusion Criteria: * Patients age less than 18 years * Patients unable or unwilling to provide informed consent to participate in the study * Patients potentially unavailable for follow up visits * Patients with significant scleral thinning * Patients with ocular infection, inflammation or intraocular surgery in the study eye 2 months prior to enrollment in the study * Albino patients that have no iris pigmentation

Inclusion Criteria: * Radiation therapy and chemotherapy was finished at least three months * 6 months after mastectomy for breast cancer being diagnosed without lymphedema or with stage 1 lymphedema * Complete unilateral Mastectomy * pain and having one or more of the following symptoms: heaviness, numbness, oppression, stiffness, alterations in the function, or mobility of the limited shoulder range of motion. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of shoulder pathologies for which surgical indications exist * Musculoskeletal injury in adjacent areas (shoulder or neck etc.) * bilateral surgery for the treatment of breast cancer * Bilateral lymphadenectomy * Open wounds on upper limbs * Circulatory disorders * History of shoulder surgery for reasons other than breast cancer.

Inclusion Criteria: * Women between 8 - 20 weeks pregnant (this will allow completion of at least two measures during pregnancy) * Singleton pregnancy * Confirmed diagnosis of T1D or T2D * Over 18 years old * Willing and able to provide informed consent * Receiving care at one of the participating NHS sites Exclusion Criteria: * Multiple pregnancy * Absolute contra-indication to PA according to 2019 Canadian Guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy , examples include ruptured membranes, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, full list available here37 * No diagnoses of T1D or T2D prior to pregnancy * Gestational Diabetes

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years old * Patients with one of the following indications: * Dose escalation (IEV407 single agent and in combination with fulvestrant or letrozole): HR+/HER2- aBC with disease progression on or following, or have been intolerant to, at least one line of endocrine-based therapy in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor and at least one additional line of systemic therapy in the unresectable/metastatic setting and not be a candidate for any available standard therapy, in the investigator's judgement. \- Dose expansion of IEV407 in combination with fulvestrant: HR+/HER2- aBC with disease progression on or following, or have been intolerant to, endocrine-based therapy in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor. They must not have received more than two prior lines of endocrine-based therapy in the unresectable/metastatic setting. Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or antibody-drug conjugate therapies in the unresectable/metastatic setting are not allowed. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with inadequate bone marrow and/or organ functions with out-of-range laboratory values. * Impaired cardiac function or clinically significant cardiac disease. * Concurrent use of hormone replacement therapy. * Women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to use highly effective contraception methods, pregnant or nursing women. * For the combination treatment of IEV407 with fulvestrant or letrozole: Patients with symptomatic visceral disease or any disease burden that makes the patient ineligible for endocrine-based therapy. Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 18 years old with good communication and cognitive abilities. 2. Meet the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 3. Meet the diagnostic criteria for high-risk diabetic foot according to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) 2023 standards. 4. Proficient in the use of a smartphone and related applications (e.g., WeChat). 5. Voluntarily participate in the study and provide signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with impaired consciousness, severe organ dysfunction, or other physical disabilities that lead to being bedbound or unable to perform foot care. 2. Patients with peripheral neuropathy caused by non-diabetic factors (e.g., toxic, nutritional, or hereditary neuropathies). 3. Patients with gestational diabetes or those with pre-existing diabetes who are currently pregnant.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male or female, aged 18 to 70 years on the day of signing the informed consent form; 2. Have a documented history of type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 6 months at screening, diagnosed according to the criteria in Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China (2024 Edition); 3. HbA1c between 7.5% and 10.5% at screening; 4. Have received lifestyle intervention alone for at least 8 weeks, or stable metformin monotherapy for at least 8 weeks prior to screening. Stable treatment is defined as no change in daily drug dosage, with no planned modifications to the regimen during the entire trial period; 5. Fasting plasma glucose ≤ 15 mmol/L; 6. Body mass index (BMI) between 20.0 kg/m² and 40.0 kg/m² at screening; 7. Voluntarily sign the informed consent form before the trial, fully understand the trial content, procedures and potential adverse reactions, and be able and willing to comply with protocol requirements to complete the study; 8. Have no fertility plans from the signing of the informed consent form until 2 months after the last dose, and agree to use highly effective contraceptive measures as specified in the protocol.methods. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Participants with relevant abnormal test results at screening. 2. Participants with clinically significant abnormal findings on electrocardiogram (ECG) that, in the investigator's opinion, may compromise subject safety. 3. Participants with poorly controlled blood pressure. 4. Participants diagnosed with or suspected of having type 1 diabetes, specific types of diabetes, or secondary diabetes. 5. Participants who experienced acute diabetic complications within 6 months prior to screening. 6. Participants who experienced severe hypoglycemic events or recurrent hypoglycemic events within 6 months prior to screening. 7. Participants with severe chronic diabetic complications at screening, or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring treatment during the trial. 8. Participants with a past or known history or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2). 9. Participants with a past or known history of acute or chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic injury, acute cholecystitis, or symptomatic/treatment requiring gallbladder disease. 10. Participants with a past history of significant gastrointestinal diseases (such as severe diabetic gastroparesis, gastric outlet obstruction, inflammatory bowel disease, active ulcer, etc.), or who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery (excluding gastrointestinal polypectomy and appendectomy), or who are taking long-term medications that directly affect gastrointestinal motility. 11. Participants with a history of severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases within 6 months prior to screening. 12. Participants with known or suspected depression, bipolar disorder, suicidal ideation, schizophrenia, or other severe psychiatric disorders; or participants who are mentally incompetent, have language barriers, are unable to fully understand the trial protocol, or are unwilling to cooperate with study site staff. 13. Participants with a history of malignant tumor within 5 years prior to screening, except for cured localized cancers such as localized basal cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical carcinoma in situ, and prostate carcinoma in situ. 14. Female participants who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the trial. 15. Any other conditions that, in the investigator's judgment, render the subject unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 75 years, inclusive. * Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) . * Receiving stable-dose SGLT-2 inhibitor monotherapy or in combination with one other oral antidiabetic drug for at least one month prior to screening, but with inadequate glycemic control, defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.5%. * Must be willing to participate and have provided written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Current or routine use of insulin therapy. * Use of three or more antidiabetic drugs within one month prior to screening. * Current treatment with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) or a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). * Prior treatment with Chiglitazar Sodium. * Presence of life-threatening comorbidities, severe edema, or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C). * Laboratory findings meeting any of the following criteria: a) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); b) Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m².

Inclusion Criteria * Mothers who are at least 18 years of age and are within 6 months of giving birth. * Participants must be capable of reading Traditional Chinese, Mandarin, or English, to ensure they can provide informed consent and complete the required study documentation. Exclusion Criteria * Individuals with specific conditions that might interfere with the measurement of sleep patterns related to mood will be excluded. This includes mothers diagnosed with sleep apnea or those who use CPAP machines. * To reduce physiological noise in the data, women working permanent night shifts or those with severe medical complications, such as pre-eclampsia requiring ongoing medication, will also be excluded

Inclusion Criteria: * Depressive symptoms Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who do not speak English * Patients with severe mental illness including hospitalized patients or patients with suicidal ideation

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with solid tumors; 2. Presence of measurable lesions on imaging examinations; 3. Expected survival ≥12 weeks. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction; 2. Women who are planning pregnancy, pregnant, or breastfeeding; 3. Unable to remain in supine position for 30 minutes; 4. Refusal to participate in this clinical study; 5. Diagnosis of claustrophobia or other psychiatric disorders; 6. Other conditions deemed by the investigator as inappropriate for participation in the trial.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 65 years old * Patient with a previous documented diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer (only for breast cancer survivor gruop) * Patient has completed chemotherapy for at least 6 months and for a maximum of 36 months if planned (only for breast cancer survivor gruop) * Understanding of the Italian language and ability to give informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of brain metastases or history of brain radiation therapy (only for breast cancer survivor gruop) * Patient with previous diagnosis of other malignant tumors in addition to breast cancer (only for breast cancer survivor gruop) * Patient with a previous diagnosis of malignant carcinomas (only for control gruop) * Patient with a history of brain damage with unresolved neurological consequences * Patient with previous or current serious neurological pathologies * Patient with severe psychiatric conditions * Patient with systemic pathologies that could interfere with cognitive abilities * Patient taking medications that have a strong cognitive impact and that have not been stabilized for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment * Patient with visual or hearing impairments that are not properly corrected * Patient with any disability that might compromise the validity of cognitive tests

Inclusion Criteria: * Female patients aged 40-65 years * Histologically confirmed locally advanced breast cancer * Planned to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy * ECOG performance status 0-2 * Able to provide informed consent * Willing to participate in psychological intervention sessions Exclusion Criteria: * Severe psychological distress defined as Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) score ≥27 * Active infection or inflammatory disease * Known autoimmune disease * Cognitive impairment or psychiatric condition interfering with participation * Concurrent participation in another interventional study