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Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age of 18 years or older, 2. Diagnosed with Stage 1-3 breast cancer and within one year of completion of locoregional treatment and/or adjuvant therapy with curative intent and absence of disease recurrence, 3. Experiencing reduced participation (i.e., a score of \> 10 on the Work and Social Adjustment Scale). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Non-English speaking. 2. Non-correctable hearing loss. 3. Moderate-severe cognitive impairment indicated by a score \< 3 on a 6-item cognitive screener. 4. History of severe mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), current major depressive disorder, active suicidal ideation, or active substance misuse documented within the medical record.

Inclusion criteria - PSVD group * Histologically confirmed diagnosis of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD); * Presence of clinically significant portal hypertension, evidenced by at least one specific sign of portal hypertension (e.g., imaging evidence of collateral circulation or porto-systemic shunts, endoscopic evidence of esophageal or gastric varices, or history of gastrointestinal variceal bleeding); * Age ≥ 18 years; * Ability to understand the study information and provide written informed consent; Inclusion criteria - Cirrhosis group * Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis confirmed by liver histology or, alternatively, by compatible findings on imaging, laboratory tests, and physical examination together with a positive history for at least one known cause of chronic liver disease; * Presence of clinically significant portal hypertension, evidenced by at least one specific sign of portal hypertension (e.g., imaging evidence of collateral circulation or porto-systemic shunts, endoscopic evidence of esophageal or gastric varices, or history of gastrointestinal variceal bleeding); * Age ≥ 18 years; * Ability to understand the study information and provide written informed consent. Exclusion criteria - PSVD group (cases) * Presence of other causes of portal hypertension, including but not limited to: history of bone marrow transplantation, Budd-Chiari syndrome or hepatic venous outflow obstruction, hepatic schistosomiasis, Abernethy malformation, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, sarcoidosis, congenital hepatic fibrosis, or chronic cholestatic liver diseases; * Presence of portal, spleno-mesenteric, or hepatic vein thrombosis; * Prior hepatic or splenic surgery; * Presence of primary or secondary malignant liver tumors; * Presence of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) device; * Congenital anomalies of the liver or biliary tract; * History of heart failure; * Contraindications to administration of SonoVue (sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles), including: prior allergic reaction to the active substance or any excipients, known right-to-left shunts, severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure \> 90 mmHg), uncontrolled systemic hypertension, or adult respiratory distress syndrome; * Inadequate sonographic visualization of the right hepatic lobe; * Pregnancy. Exclusion criteria - Cirrhosis group * Decompensated cirrhosis or Child-Pugh class C; * Cryptogenic cirrhosis; * Presence of other causes of portal hypertension (same list as for PSVD exclusions: history of bone marrow transplantation, Budd-Chiari syndrome or hepatic venous outflow obstruction, hepatic schistosomiasis, Abernethy malformation, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, sarcoidosis, congenital hepatic fibrosis, chronic cholestatic diseases); * Presence of portal, spleno-mesenteric, or hepatic vein thrombosis; * Prior hepatic or splenic surgery; * Presence of primary or secondary malignant liver tumors; * Presence of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) device; * Congenital anomalies of the liver or biliary tract; * History of heart failure; * Contraindications to administration of SonoVue (sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles), including: prior allergic reaction to the active substance or any excipients, known right-to-left shunts, severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure \> 90 mmHg), uncontrolled systemic hypertension, or adult respiratory distress syndrome; * Inadequate sonographic visualization of the right hepatic lobe; * Pregnancy.

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants must be at least 18 years of age or the legal age of consent in the jurisdiction in which the study is taking place at the time of signing the informed consent. * Participants with histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic HR+ HER2- breast cancer. * Participants must have a stable Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of ≤ 1. * Adequate organ function. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants who have received prior systemic treatment in the advanced or metastatic setting. * Participants who have received prior treatment with any selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) or cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) targeting agent, or any other investigational anticancer drug in any disease setting, except for prior investigational or approved SERDs in the adjuvant setting, provided that disease recurrence occurred more than 12 months after the last dose of endocrine-based therapy. * Participants with active leptomeningeal disease or uncontrolled, untreated brain metastasis. Note: Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.

Inclusion Criteria： 1. Female, aged 18-75 years; 2. Histologically confirmed Stage 0, I, II, or III breast cancer (according to the AJCC 8th edition)； 3. Completed active treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy) at least 1 month prior to study initiation , and are currently receiving endocrine therapy； 4. Meet at least 2 of the following 6 criteria: (1)Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for pain ≥ 4 (2)Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score ≥ 8 (3)Brief Fatigue Inventory-Chinese version (BFI-C) score ≥ 4 (4)Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) score ≥ 8 (5)Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale (HADS-D) score ≥ 8 (6)Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function-Perceived Cognitive Impairments (FACT-Cog-PCI) score \< 60 ; 5.Has signed the informed consent form and voluntarily participates in this study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of psychiatric disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance addiction) 2. Presence of diseases that may impair cognitive function or interfere with study assessments (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors). 3. Fatigue attributable to a treatable condition (e.g., hypothyroidism). 4. Severe debilitation or significant organic disease (e.g., heart failure, severe hepatic/renal insufficiency, severe anemia, uncontrolled infection). 5. Use of anxiolytics, antidepressants, psychostimulants, or sedative-hypnotics within the past 4 weeks. 6. Chronic use of corticosteroids. 7. Prior acupuncture treatment within 3 months, or participation in an acupuncture or drug clinical trial within 6 months. 8. History of hemorrhagic disease, severe coagulation dysfunction, or current use of anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin). 9. Implanted cardiac pacemaker. 10. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. 11. Concurrent participation in another clinical study.

Inclusion Criteria: For all groups: * Written informed consent * Age ≥ 18 years old * WHO PS 0-3 * Measurable lesion ≥10mm according to RANO BM For brain metastases groups: \- newly diagnosed brain metastases from either NSCLC (group 1) or melanoma (group 2) or breast cancer (group 7). For radiation necrosis groups: \- Brain lesion at the location of a formerly brain metastases that has been treated with SRT (\> 9 months ago), with the definite diagnosis of radiation necrosis at the location of formerly SRT-treated brain metastases of NSCLC (group 3), melanoma (group 4) and/ or breast cancer (group 8). For diagnostic dilemma groups: \- Brain lesion at the location of a formerly brain metastases with a diagnostic dilemma of radiation necrosis and recurrent brain metastases of NSCLC (group 5), melanoma (group 6) and/ or breast cancer (group 9). Exclusion Criteria: For all groups: * Known allergy to Ga68-PSMA * Epileptic seizure less than 7 days before Ga68-PSMA PET/CT scan * Life expectancy less than 3 months * Patients with known prostate carcinoma * Pregnancy

Inclusion Criteria: * the subject has given written consent to participate in the study * physician diagnosis of Asthma according to international guidelines * mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) score of 1 or above * age 18 years or older * able to cycle * able to understand and talk Swedish to participate in the study procedures, as judged by the Investigators. Exclusion Criteria: * resting peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) \< 92% * hospitalization or clinical instability during the last four weeks * treatment with supplementary oxygen at rest or during exercise * contraindication to exercise testing in accordance with clinical practice guidelines * expected survival shorter than six months as judged by the Investigator * medical conditions including congestive heart failure, acute coronary artery disease, neuromuscular diseases, severe psychiatric illness, and olfaction disorder.

Inclusion Criteria: Mothers: 1. 21-50 years of age 2. Less than 20 weeks of pregnancy, confirmed by ultrasonography upon enrolment 3. Singleton pregnancy 4. Nulliparous 5. Plan to deliver in Singapore 6. Proficient and able to respond to questionnaires in English 7. Intends for herself and her child to stay in Singapore for the next 2 years 8. Access to a smartphone 9. Willing to download the study app 10. Score of 7 or more in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Fathers: 1. 21-75 years of age 2. Proficient and able to respond to questionnaires in English 3. Intends for himself and his child to stay in Singapore for the next 2 years 4. Access to a smartphone 5. Willing to download the study app Exclusion Criteria: Mothers: 1. Any pre-existing or history of psychotic depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders 2. Currently on oral/IV steroids and/or thyroid medication 3. History of thyroid disease 4. Pregnant using assisted reproductive technologies 5. Multiple pregnancies 6. Currently enrolled in interventional randomised controlled trials 7. Responded "Yes, quite often" to EPDS item 10 ("The thought of harming myself has occurred to me") Fathers: 1\. Currently enrolled in interventional randomised controlled trials

Inclusion Criteria: * Breast cancer stage I-III Exclusion Criteria: * pregnant, lactation, breast recurrence, mental disease, autoimmune disease over hte past 5 years, people who take plant or fungal polysaccharide health supplements

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed breast cancer, stage I-IV, according to the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual (8th edition); * Aged 18-75 years; * Experiencing joint pain attributed to endocrine therapy, including localized or generalized joint pain, with symptoms persisting for at least 1 week; * Completion of all planned surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with a scheduled continuation of endocrine therapy for at least 1 additional year; * Self-reported worst joint pain score of ≥3 on a 0-10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during the past week; * Life expectancy ≥1 year; * Voluntarily sign the informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Bone metastases involving the same site as the affected joint attributed to endocrine therapy; * History of fracture or surgery involving the affected joints within the past 6 months; * Implanted electronic medical devices; * Not suitable for acupuncture, including but not limited to bleeding tendencies (e.g. coagulation disorders or purpura) or local skin lesions at the intended acupoint sites.

Inclusion criteria: Patients undergoing lung transplantation with COPD or PF, with or without associated PH and PAH. \- Outpatient cohort with COPD or PF, with or without associated PH or PAH. Exclusion criteria: * Presence of other lung diseases * Signs of infection, such as pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, or pleural effusions.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older * Diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis for the patient group * Absence of another medical condition that markedly impairs walking, such as severe cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, or major orthopedic conditions * Healthy volunteers willing to participate as controls * Written informed consent provided Exclusion Criteria: * EDSS score ≥7 in the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis group * Multiple sclerosis relapse during the last 30 days * Systemic glucocorticoid treatment during the last 30 days * History of musculoskeletal disease * History of neuromuscular junction disease

Group 1 and 2: Bipolar patients, Depressive patients Inclusion criteria: * Patients between 18 and 65 years old, men or women, right-handed * Having a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or depressive disorder * No substantial change in treatment for 2 weeks preceding study enrollment * Being a native French speaker * Patients enrolled in the national healthcare insurance program * Consenting to participate to the study Exclusion criteria: * The presence of any alcohol use disorder or any other substance use disorder in the last six months, except for tobacco dependence * A significant general medical illness, including neurological disorders or head trauma * Contraindication to the use of MRI * A sensorial impairment uncorrected (visual and/or hearing) Group 3 and 4: Healthy control participants Inclusion criteria: * Participants between 18 and 65 years old, men or women, right-handed * Being a native French speaker * Patients enrolled in the national healthcare insurance program * Consenting to participate to the study Exclusion criteria: * A diagnosis of schizophrenia or of bipolar disorder or of major depressive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria * The presence of any alcohol use disorder or any other substance use disorder in the last six months, except for tobacco dependence * Participants having one first-degree relative presenting an bipolar disorder or depressive disorder or schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria * A significant general medical illness, including neurological disorders or head trauma * Contraindication to the use of MRI * A sensorial impairment uncorrected (visual and/or hearing)

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 18 years. 2. Newly diagnosed with breast cancer, with clinical stage 0-II, or stage III eligible for breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 3. Clinically eligible for breast-conserving surgery and considering one of the following surgical options: breast-conserving surgery, mastectomy, or mastectomy with reconstruction. 4. Clinically eligible for adjuvant therapy after surgery. 5. Able to access the internet via smartphone. 6. Able to read, speak, and understand Mandarin. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Male breast cancer patients. 2. Clinically eligible for only one surgical option or not candidates for surgery. 3. Have a history of other malignancies, except adequately treated cervical carcinoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. 4. Presence of psychiatric disorders, visual or hearing impairments, or cognitive impairment.

Inclusion Criteria: For all groups: * Aged 18-30 years * Willing to adhere to assigned dietary plan (vegan or omnivorous) for 12 weeks * Non-smoker for at least 5 years * Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 For the asthma group: * Clinical diagnosis of mild or moderate asthma (GINA criteria), made at least 12 months before enrollment * Stable asthma status (no exacerbations or changes in therapy within the past 3 months) * No change in pharmacotherapy during the study period Exclusion Criteria: * Use of systemic corticosteroids (oral or intravenous) within the past 3 months * Ongoing biological therapy for asthma (e.g., anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-4R) * Severe asthma as per GINA criteria * Recent asthma exacerbation requiring hospitalization or steroid burst (\<3 months) * Presence of other chronic autoimmune or inflammatory diseases * Pregnancy or lactation * Active infection or acute illness at the time of recruitment * Adherence to specialized exclusion diets (e.g., ketogenic, low-FODMAP) * History of eating disorders * Inability or unwillingness to participate in follow-up visits or comply with the protocol

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adults aged ≥18 years. 2. Able and willing to provide written informed consent. 3. Able to comply with study procedures, including face scan, physical examination, blood sampling, and questionnaire completion. 4. Clinically stable at the time of assessment. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Facial conditions affecting the region of interest (ROI), such as injury, deformity, or impaired circulation, that may interfere with rPPG signal acquisition. 2. Presence of facial tattoos or coverings that obstruct optical signal detection. 3. Inability to remain still or comply with measurement procedures during data acquisition. 4. Severe medical conditions that preclude safe participation, as judged by the investigator. 5. Incomplete data or withdrawal of consent during the study. \-

Inclusion Criteria: Mentors: * Age ≥ 18 years * Self-identify as Korean * Able to read, write, and speak both Korean and English * Diagnosed with breast cancer ≥ 2 years prior to enrollment * Completed active treatment or currently on long-term maintenance therapy * Access to a smartphone, computer, or similar device compatible with the study platform * Willing to participate for at least 3 months * Willing to complete required training and surveys Mentees: * Age ≥ 18 years * Self-identify as Korean * Able to read, write, and speak Korean * Diagnosed with breast cancer * Currently receiving treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, recent surgery, or endocrine therapy) * Access to a smartphone, computer, or similar device compatible with the study platform * Willing to participate for at least 3 months * Willing to complete required surveys Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals who do not meet the inclusion criteria * Individuals unable to use the online platform or required technology * Individuals deemed non-compliant or inappropriate for participation based on investigator judgment (e.g., inability to complete study procedures) * Mentees diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

For Sub-cohort 1, the inclusion and exclusion criteria are as follows: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Baseline age ≥ 65 years. 2. Availability of baseline data on serum creatinine and at least one urinary protein measurement. 3. Urinary protein measurements include: UACR, UPCR, 24-hour urine protein quantification, and urine protein dipstick test. 4. Baseline date requirement: Between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2025. 5. Follow-up requirement meeting at least one of the following: At least one serum creatinine measurement with an interval of ≥ 6 months after baseline. Occurrence of a primary endpoint event (new-onset CKD). Exclusion Criteria: Presence of CKD at baseline, defined as: Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 ml/(min·1.73m²) or positive urine protein; or the presence of an ICD-10 diagnostic code for CKD in medical records. For Sub-cohort 2 (CKD Patients), the inclusion and exclusion criteria are as follows: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Baseline age ≥ 65 years. 2. Meeting the diagnostic criteria for CKD: Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 ml/(min·1.73m²) or urine protein (UACR ≥ 30 mg/g); or based on ICD-10 codes. 3. Baseline date requirement: Between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2025. 4. Follow-up requirement meeting at least one of the following: Occurrence of a primary endpoint event (mortality, ESRD); At least one serum creatinine measurement with an interval of ≥ 6 months after baseline. Exclusion Criteria: 1. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) at baseline (eGFR \< 15 ml/(min·1.73m²), or prior receipt of kidney transplant or dialysis), based on ICD codes). 2. Diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) within the preceding 3 months. 3. New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure or occurrence of acute myocardial infarction within the preceding 6 months. 4. Child-Pugh Class B or C liver cirrhosis. 5. Malignant neoplasm.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Males or females, age ≥18 years and ≤70 years 2. Diagnosed with T2D 3. Have been treated with lifestyle management with 1 to 3 antihyperglycemic medications: metformin, SGLT2i, alogliptin, or sitagliptin with a stable dose for at least 3 months prior to screening (participants taking metformin must be on a minimum stable dose of ≥500 mg/day) 4. Have HbA1c ≥7.5 and ≤10.5% 5. Have a BMI ≤32 kg/m2 6. Female participants of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test, must be non-lactating and must be willing to have additional pregnancy tests during the study. 7. Willing and able to provide written, signed informed consent and be willing and able to comply with all study procedures and tests. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Have type 1 diabetes mellitus or a secondary form of diabetes 2. Have a history of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma in the 6 months prior to screening 3. Have positive GAD autoantibody result at screening 4. Have a history of severe hypoglycemia (defined by the occurrence of hypoglycemia symptoms requiring the assistance of another person for recovery) in the 6 months prior to screening or a history of hypoglycemia unawareness or poor recognition of hypoglycemic symptoms as judged by the investigator 5. Have personal or family history (first-degree relative) of MEN16. Use of GLP-1 RA, dual GIP/GLP-1 RA, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitor, \[linagliptin, saxagliptin (these 2 are drugs within DPP4I class)\], bile acid sequestrants, dopamaine-2 agonists, amylin, or insulin in the 3 months prior to screening 6. Have FPG ≥240 mg/dL 7. Have fasting triglyceride ≥500 mg/dL 8. Have an eGFR \<75 mL/min/1.73 m2 by the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation at screening 9. Have impaired liver function, defined as screening AST or ALT \>1.2×ULN, and/or total bilirubin \>ULN

Inclusion Criteria: * • Patients aged 18-80 years, treated in the outpatient or inpatient departments of each research center and included in the AF database. * Patients with paroxysmal AF confirmed by 12-lead electrocardiogram, 24-hour Holter monitoring, or handheld electrocardiogram devices. * Patients with hypertension who have already started antihypertensive treatment. * Patients with diabetes who have already started antidiabetic treatment, or patients with prediabetes who have not received antidiabetic treatment but have an HbA1c level within the range of 6.1-6.4% in the past three months. Exclusion Criteria: * • Atrial fibrillation caused by severe mitral stenosis. * Atrial fibrillation with severe mitral regurgitation and severe tricuspid regurgitation. * Patients who have been clinically diagnosed with heart failure (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction). * Special types of cardiomyopathy: amyloid cardiomyopathy, Fabry disease, muscular dystrophy, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, etc. * Patients with a history of myocardial infarction within the past three months. * Pregnant women.

Inclusion Criteria: * B-mode breast ultrasound grayscale images from the institutional PACS database or from published open-access breast ultrasound datasets with documented original institutional ethics approval * Image quality adequate for clinical diagnosis with clear visualization of the region of interest * Pathological diagnosis confirmed (for benign and malignant lesion groups), or normal breast status confirmed by a senior radiologist with \>15 years of breast ultrasound experience (for the normal group) * Complete de-identification with removal of all personally identifiable information Exclusion Criteria: * Severely degraded image quality precluding meaningful BI-RADS assessment * Duplicate images from the same patient (only the most representative image retained per lesion) * Images with residual personally identifiable information after de-identification processing * Cases with ambiguous, disputed, or unavailable pathological results * Non-B-mode ultrasound images, including elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and Doppler imaging