Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Participants must be at least 19 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent.
2. Patient has advanced (locoregionally recurrent or metastatic) breast cancer not amenable to curative therapy.
3. Patient has HR-positive/HER2-negative invasive breast cancer (based on most recently analyzed biopsy)
1. HER2 status is defined as a negative in situ hybridization test or an IHC status of 0, 1+ or 2+. If IHC is 2+, a negative in situ hybridization (FISH, CISH, or SISH) test is required by local laboratory testing, according to ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER2 testing (Wolff et al. 2018).
2. HR status is defined as positive in ER expression by IHC, according to the relevant ASCO/CAP Guidelines (Allison et al. 2020)
4. Patient must have received either at least 1 year of adjuvant abemaciclib or ribociclib.
5. Recurrence of advanced breast cancer was diagnosed ≥1 year from the last dose of adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitor.
6. Patients must have received a minimum of 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy (either alone or in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors)
7. Patient has an ECOG PS 0 or 1.
8. Must have at least one measurable lesion according to RECIST v1.1. Patients without measurable lesions must have at least one lytic bone lesion.
9. Patient has adequate bone marrow and organ function as defined by the following laboratory values:
1. Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 × 109/L
2. Platelets ≥ 100 × 109/L
3. Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL
4. Serum creatinine \< 1.5 mg/dL or CCr ≥ 50 mL/day
5. In absence of liver metastases, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) should be below 2.5 × upper limit of normal(ULN). If the patient has liver metastases, ALT and AST should be \< 5 × ULN
6. Total serum bilirubin \< ULN; or total bilirubin ≤ 3.0 × ULN with direct bilirubin \<1.5 x ULN of the local laboratory in patients with well documented Gilbert's Syndrome
10. Patient must be able to swallow study therapy
11. Patient must be able to communicate with the investigator and comply with the requirements of the study procedures
12. Patient must be willing to remain at the clinical site as required by the protocol.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patients whose cancer recurs one year or later after completing adjuvant endocrine therapy
2. Patients who have been free from endocrine therapy for at least 2 years
3. Patient whose disease recurred during or within 1 year from adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment.
4. Patient who did receive adjuvant palbociclib irrespective of disease-free interval.
5. Patients who did not receive adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment or who received less than 1 year of adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment.
6. Patients who have received fulvestrant in adjuvant setting before randomization.
7. Patients who have received any line of systemic treatment for advanced breast cancer is not eligible.
8. Participant has not recovered from clinical, and laboratory acute toxicities related to prior anticancer therapies to NCI CTCAE version 4.03 Grade ≤1. Exception to this criterion: participants with grade 2 taxane-induced neuropathy, any grade of alopecia, amenorrhea or other toxicities not considered a safety risk for the participant as per investigator's discretion, are allowed to enter the study.
9. Patient has a concurrent malignancy or malignancy within 3 years of randomization, with the exception of adequately treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell skin carcinoma, non-melanomatous skin cancer or curatively resected cervical cancer.
10. Patient with symptomatic, unstable CNS metastases. Note: Symptomatic CNS metastases should be locally treated prior enrollment.
11. Patient has impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of the study drugs (e.g., ulcerative diseases, uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, or small bowel resection).
12. Patient has a known history of HIV infection (testing not mandatory).
13. Patient has any other concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled medical condition that would, in the investigator's judgment, contraindicate patient participation in the clinical study (e.g., chronic pancreatitis, chronic active hepatitis, etc.).
14. Clinically significant, uncontrolled heart disease and/or cardiac repolarization abnormality, including but not limited to any of the following:
1. History of documented myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, symptomatic pericarditis, or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) within 6 months prior to study entry
2. Documented cardiomyopathy
3. Long QT syndrome or family history of idiopathic sudden death or congenital long QT syndrome, or any of the following: ① Risk factors for Torsades de Pointe (TdP) including uncorrected hypocalcemia, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, history of cardiac failure, or history of clinically significant/symptomatic bradycardia ② Concomitant medication(s) with a known risk to prolong the QT interval and/or known to cause Torsades de Pointe that cannot be discontinued or replaced by safe alternative medication (e.g., within 5 half-lives or 7 days prior to starting study drug) ③ Inability to determine the QTcF interval
4. Clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia), complete left bundle branch block, high-grade AV block (e.g., bifascicular block, Mobitz type II and third-degree AV block)
15. Patient is currently receiving any of the following substances and cannot be discontinued 7 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1:
1. Concomitant medications, herbal supplements, and/or fruits (e.g., grapefruit, pummelos, star fruit, Seville oranges) and their juices that are strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4/5
2. Medications that have a narrow therapeutic window and are predominantly metabolized through CYP3A4/5.
16. Patient has had major surgery within 14 days prior to starting study drug or has not recovered from major side effects of surgery.
17. Patient who has received any investigational drug(s) within 14 days prior to first day treatment or within 5 half-lives of the investigational product (whichever is longer).
18. Patient is currently receiving or has received systemic corticosteroids ≤ 2 weeks prior to starting study drug, or who have not fully recovered from side effects of such treatment.
Note: The following uses of corticosteroids are permitted: single doses, topical applications (e.g., for rash), inhaled sprays (e.g., for obstructive airways diseases), eye drops or local injections (e.g., intra-articular).
19. Patient is concurrently using other antineoplastic agents (except for adjuvant endocrine treatment monotherapy)
20. Patient who has received radiotherapy ≤ 4 weeks or limited field radiation for palliation ≤ 2 weeks prior to randomization, and who has not recovered to grade 1 or better from related side effects of such therapy (with the exception of alopecia) and/or if ≥ 25% of the bone marrow was irradiated.
21. Pregnant or nursing (lactating) women, where pregnancy is defined as the state of a female after conception and until the termination of gestation, confirmed by a positive hCG laboratory test.
22. Women of child-bearing potential, defined as all women physiologically capable of becoming pregnant, unless they are using highly effective methods of contraception during dosing of study treatment and after stopping study medication.\* Highly effective contraception methods include:
\* Ribociclib : For at least 3 weeks after the last dose, Fulvestrant : For 2 years after the last dose, Everolimus : For up to 8 weeks after the last dose.
\- Effective contraception must be used as follows.
1. Total abstinence (when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject). Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception.
2. Total hys