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Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects must be 18 to 85 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent form. * Subjects who have a history of liver disease and portal hypertension or suspected cirrhosis requiring HVPG measurement. * Subjects capable of giving signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy. * Significant bleeding risk (International Normalized Ratio (INR) \> 1.5 OR platelet count \< 50000). * Presence of active gastrointestinal bleeding at the time of screening * History of any blood thinner consumption (e.g. warfarin, heparin, novel roal anticoagulants) within the last 5 days. * Presence of massive ascites causing abdominal distension or requiring frequent therapeutic paracentesis. * Subjects having received previous Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) or Surgical Portosystemic Shunt. * Hepatocellular carcinoma not meeting Milan Criteria. * Presence of portal vein thrombosis or another suspected component of presinusoidal portal hypertension. * Presence of extra-hepatic cancer, terminal disease, or severe comorbidities significantly limiting life expectancy or affecting study participation. * Stenosis or surgical anatomical alterations of the gastrointestinal tract that could preclude endoscopic access with the echoendoscope.

Inclusion Criteria: * aged 50 to 70 years; * absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months; * normal-high resting blood pressure (120 ≤ Systolic ≤ 139 mmHg and 80 ≤ Diastolic ≤ 89 mmHg) or stage 1 hypertension (140 ≤ Systolic ≤ 159 mmHg or 90 \< Diastolic ≤ 99 mmHg); * physically inactive (\< 150 minutes of structured aerobic physical activity per week); * and not engaging in regular resistance exercise (≥ 2 sessions per week) for more than 3 months during the year. Exclusion Criteria: * orthopedic limitations or other contraindications to resistance exercise; * scheduled surgery during the study; * unstable hypertension (≥ 160/100 mmHg); * diagnosis of type 2 diabetes; * cardiovascular event in the past 6 months or sequelae preventing exercise; * and initiation of hormonal replacement therapy (\< 4 months) known to affect blood pressure.

Inclusion Criteria: Males or females aged 18 years old or above and 65 years old or below; Patients with essential hypertension; Patients who have been stably taking 2 or more antihypertensive drugs at conventional doses continuously for at least 4 weeks before enrollment, and whose blood pressure meets the following conditions: (1) The systolic blood pressure measured in the outpatient clinic is ≥150 mmHg and ≤180 mmHg, and the diastolic blood pressure measured in the outpatient clinic is ≥90 mmHg; (2) The systolic blood pressure measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is between 135 mmHg and 170 mmHg; The course of hypertension is more than 6 months; The diameter of the renal artery evaluated by renal artery CTA is ≥3 mm and the length is ≥20 mm; The patient or his/her legal representative signs a written informed consent form approved by the ethics committee before screening; Exclusion Criteria: Complicated with type 1 diabetes mellitus or uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (defined as plasma Hb1Ac ≥ 10.0%); Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 45 mL/min/1.73 m²; Previous implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or a pacemaker; History of myocardial infarction, syncope, intracerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction within 6 months before signing the informed consent form; Severe valvular heart stenosis; Any factors that may interfere with blood pressure measurement under any circumstances (for example, the patient has severe peripheral vascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, hemorrhagic disorders such as thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, severe anemia); Patients with sleep apnea syndrome; Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or those who have a plan to conceive within the next year; Other serious organic diseases with an expected lifespan of less than 12 months; Participation in other clinical trials before screening and not yet completed; Preoperative exclusion criteria based on CTA imaging: a. Visual inspection shows that the diameter stenosis of the renal artery on either side \> 50% or there is a renal artery aneurysm on either side; b. Previous history of renal artery interventional treatment; Other situations that the investigator deems unsuitable for enrollment.

Inclusion Criteria (Arm 1): * Subjects are 20-90 years of age * Subjects are female * Breast lesion is sonographically visible with B-Mode ultrasound on diagnostic workup * Breast lesion(s) have BI-RADS 4a, 4b, 4c, or 5 rating Exclusion Criteria (Arm 1): * Inability to provide informed consent * Inability to communicate in English * Inability to remain motionless for 15 minutes * Subjects with breast implants * Breast mass is deeper than 4 cm from skin surface * Subjects who are pregnant or lactating * Subjects who have pacemakers or implanted cardioverters * Subjects with a history of mastectomy * Previous biopsy or surgery to the site of the mass, surgical excision of mass of interest * Subject is male Inclusion Criteria (Arm 2): * Subjects are 20-90 years of age * Subjects are female * Breast lesion is sonographically visible with B-Mode ultrasound on diagnostic workup * Breast lesion(s) have BI-RADS 6 rating, subject will be undergoing NAT for stage 2 or 3 malignant breast lesion(s) Exclusion Criteria (Arm 2): * Inability to provide informed consent * Inability to communicate in English * Inability to remain motionless for 15 minutes * Subjects with breast implants * Breast mass is deeper than 4 cm from skin surface * Subjects who are pregnant or lactating * Subjects who have pacemakers or implanted cardioverters * Subjects with a history of mastectomy * Previous biopsy or surgery to the site of the mass, surgical excision of mass of interest * Subject is male

Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of asthma * Assisted by the Pulmonary Function Clinic * Ventilatory dysfunction assessed by spirometry Exclusion Criteria: * Obesity * Treatment with systemic corticosteroids * Previous chest surgery * Unable to perform any of the proposed assessment steps

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Subject is male or female age 22 or older 2. Diagnosed with elevated blood pressure or hypertension and verified during Visit #1 by standardized seated cuff SBP 3. Have not taken antihypertensive medication for ≥30 days prior to the SEPV 4. Subject is expected to have sufficient vision, hearing, and hand strength (hand strength is demonstrated by a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) equaling 35 units of force in both hands measured by a dynamometer 5. Subject has baseline BP measurements collected and completes study device training during Baseline Assessment (Visit #1); 6. Subject agrees to maintain non-use of medications and over-the-counter (OTC) supplement regimen related to hypertension throughout the treatment phase; 7. Patient can comply with and agrees to complete all required study procedures, study clinic visits, and associated activities; 8. Patient must be able to understand and give written informed consent in the language provided; 9. Subject must have SBP of 130 to ≤149 mmHg, if subjects present with SBP reading of ≥140mmHg they will receive heightened monitoring throughout the first month of the study Exclusion Criteria: 1. Subject is a female of childbearing potential (e.g., not postmenopausal for at least one year or has not had a hysterectomy or tubal ligation) not using medically effective birth control (e.g., hormonal methods in use at least 30 days prior to screening or barrier methods such as condom and spermicide in use at least 14 days prior to visit 1) or is pregnant, lactating, or plans to become pregnant during the study). 2. BP ≥150 mmHg (systolic) and/or \>90 mmHg (diastolic) 3. A history of heart failure with current New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III- IV functional classification 4. Currently has, or has had a history, of atrial fibrillation, in accordance with 2007 Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS) guidelines 5. Patient has experienced hospitalization due to a hypertensive emergency, with impending or progressive target organ dysfunction (i.e., renal dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy or CNS involvement) within the past six (6) months 6. A \>10 mmHg difference in seated cuff SBP between the right and left arms collected during the SEPV; 7. Unstable BP, defined as \>5 mmHg variance between any two (2) consecutive weekly readings (with a maximum of four (4) attempts) to determine a baseline BP measurement ; 8. Arm circumference greater than 45 cm; 9. Acute illness, infection, or inflammation 10. Presence of any unstable cardiovascular disorder, such as MI, unstable angina, significant arrhythmia, stroke, or TIA; within the last six (6) months, or other serious comorbidity that would be likely to impact life expectancy to less than one (1) year or limit patient cooperation or study compliance; 11. A history of rest or exertional angina pectoris in the previous six (6) months; 12. History of solid organ transplant 13. Any secondary form of hypertension (HTN) etiology, including but not limited to primary aldosteronism, chronic steroid therapy and Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, aorta coarctation or untreated thyroid or parathyroid disease; 14. Concurrent participation in an investigational clinical study that has not completed the follow-up period or planned participation in another study within the next six (6) months; 15. Patient has any other condition or personal circumstance that, in the judgment of the investigator, might interfere with the collection of complete, good quality data or the completion of the research study; 16. Patients who currently own or have owned another Zona Plus device and are, or have been, voluntarily performing the isometric handgrip activities. 17. Subject plans for greater than 10% of body weight loss/gain (10% of body weight over a 6-month period) during the study

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with type 2 diabetes who are 19 years of age or older at the date of written consent * Subjects who Receiving a stable dose of metformin and a DPP-4 inhibitor for at least the last 8 weeks at the time of screening * HbA1c ≤ 7.0% ≤ HbA1c \< 10% at time of screening * BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ 40 kg/m2 at time of screening * Subjects fully explained and understood the purpose and methods of this study and voluntarily gave written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with type 1 diabetes * Have a BMI \> 40 kg/m2 * Subjects who have moderate (Stage 3b) or severe kidney disease or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, using the CKD-EPI formula) \< 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 * Patients with end stage renal disease or patients on dialysis * Patients with uncontrolled heart failure (NYHA class III - IV) * Patients with history of uncontrolled arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, cerebrovascular disease within 24 weeks prior to the screening visit * Patients with acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with or without coma, and patients with a history of ketoacidosis * Patients with diabetic coma or precoma * Patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia while taking metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors. * Patients with hematuria * Patients who receiving treatment for thyroid dysfunction at the time of screening * Malnourished, starving, or debilitated subjects * Patients with pituitary insufficiency or adrenal insufficiency * Patients with clinically significant hepatic disease with AST or ALT greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal * Patients with severe infectious diseases, perioperative, or clinically significant trauma * Have a history of substance abuse * Patients receiving insulin or sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, SGLT2 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist within 8 weeks prior to the screening visit * Patients who have received more than 2 consecutive weeks of corticosteroids within 8 weeks at the time of screening or who require treatment requiring repeated use of corticosteroids * Patients with a history of malignancy within the last 5 years * Participation in any other clinical trial within 12 weeks of screening in which an investigational drug or investigational medical device was administered or applied * Pregnant and breastfeeding women * Hypersensitivity to any of the drugs and components, including metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, TZDs, sulfonylurea class of drugs, or any of the ingredients * Patients with genetic problems such as galactose intolerance, Lapp lactose deficiency, or glucose-galactose mal-absorption. * Any other person deemed by the investigator to be unsuitable for participation in the study

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 and 70 years old (calculated based on the date of starting standardized medication). 2. After treatment with at least two types of antihypertensive drugs for 4 weeks or more, the clinic systolic blood pressure is ≥140 mmHg and ≤180 mmHg, and the average 24 - hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure is ≥130 mmHg (or the daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure is ≥135 mmHg). 3. Resting heart rate ≥70 beats per minute without taking beta - blockers (this criterion does not apply to patients taking beta - blockers). 4. The subject agrees to participate in this clinical trial, complies with the follow - up required by the trial protocol, and has voluntarily signed the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: 1. CTA, MRA, or DSA examination shows that the shape and structure of the unilateral or bilateral renal arteries are not suitable for ablation surgery (renal artery stenosis exceeding 50%, renal artery aneurysm, fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery, or the diameter of the main renal artery is less than 3 mm). 2. Having only one kidney or having received a kidney transplant. 3. Having a history of renal artery interventional treatment or renal denervation surgery. 4. Suffering from any condition that may affect the accuracy of blood pressure measurement, such as the upper arm diameter being too large relative to the cuff. 5. Secondary hypertension (excluding apnea syndrome). 6. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 45 mL/min/1.73m² (MDRD formula). 7. Having a history of hospitalization due to hypertensive crisis within one year before randomization for enrollment. 8. Suffering from type 1 diabetes. 9. Suffering from primary pulmonary hypertension. 10. Being allergic to contrast agents. 11. Severe cardiac valve stenosis. 12. Cardiac insufficiency (NYHA class III - IV). 13. Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. 14. Requiring mechanical ventilation for assisted breathing (except for nocturnal respiratory support for treating sleep apnea). 15. Acute or severe systemic infection. 16. Having an implantable cardioverter - defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker. 17. Having obvious symptoms of active peptic ulcer (such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, etc.). 18. Having obvious bleeding tendency and hematological diseases. 19. Having a history of surgery or trauma requiring hospitalization within 30 days before randomization for enrollment. 20. Having a cardiovascular event (stable or unstable angina, myocardial infarction) or cerebrovascular event (stroke, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack) within 6 months before randomization for enrollment. 21. Pregnant, lactating women, or women planning to become pregnant during the study period. 22. Currently participating in other clinical trials of drugs or medical devices. 23. Other reasons that the investigator deems inappropriate for participation in this study

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Registered as a full-time student 2. Aged 18 to 26 years old 3. Experiencing insomnia for at least three months 4. Currently own and use a personal mobile device 5. Ability to read and speak Chinese 6. Not taking hypnotics, sedatives, or antidepressants 7. Not pregnant or lactating Exclusion Criteria: 1. Using a smartphone model that cannot support the app 2. Currently using other sleep program apps 3. Meeting a STOP-BANG score of ≥3

Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical criteria for ALS (Brooks et al., 2000; de Carvalho M., 2008), FTD (GornoTempini et al., 2011; Rascovsky et al., 2011) Exclusion Criteria: * na

Inclusion Criteria: * aged ≥45 years * poorly controlled DM (pDM), defined as HbA1c ≥9% within the preceding year Exclusion Criteria: * active TB * immunocompromise (use of immunosuppressors * current pregnancy

Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female, age reach and over 18 years at the time of signing informed consent, * Body mass index (BMI) between 18.0 and 35.0 kg/m\^2 (both inclusive), * Type 2 diabetes mellitus (as diagnosed clinically) before screening. * hemoglobin A1c of 7.5 - 9.0% (both inclusive) as assessed by central laboratory on the day of screening, * Treated with stable doses of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) , insulin or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (exenatide, liraglutide, etc.) within 3 months prior to screening; Exclusion Criteria: * Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of childbearing potential and not using a highly effective contraceptive method, * Anticipated initiation or change in concomitant medication (for more than 14 consecutive days) known to affect weight or glucose metabolism (e.g. treatment with orlistat, thyroid hormones, or systemic corticosteroids), * Any episodes (as declared by the participant or in the medical records) of diabetic ketoacidosis within 90 days before screening, * Presence or history of pancreatitis (acute or chronic) within 180 days before screening, * Any of the following: Myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina pectoris or transient ischaemic attack within 180 days before screening. Chronic heart failure classified as being in New York Heart Association Class IV at screening, * Uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Verified by a fundus examination performed within the past 90 days before screening or in the period between screening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil dilation is a requirement unless using a digital fundus photography camera specified for non dilated examination.

Inclusion Criteria for All the Participants: * With confirmed pathological diagnosis and molecular subtyping results * Ability to provide a written informed consent Exclusion Criteria for Cancer Arm Participants: * Patients with a history of or currently suffering from other malignancies * Pregnant or planning to become pregnant female patients * Patients who have received cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, before blood draw * Patients with a history of blood transfusion within the past month * Patients with a known history of allogeneic organ transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation * Patients with persistent fever or undergoing anti-inflammatory treatment within 14 days before blood draw * Any other conditions that the researcher deems may make the patient unsuitable for inclusion in the study or may interfere with the completion of the study * Patients in poor physical condition who are not suitable for blood draw * Patients who cannot provide informed consent or refuse blood draw Exclusion Criteria for Benign Diseases Arm Participants: * History of malignancies * Current malignancies or precancerous lesions

3.1 Inclusion Criteria Patients must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible: Age: ≥18 years old. Clinical-pathological confirmation: cT2-cT4 breast cancer, or cT1c with axillary lymph node metastasis. Histopathologically confirmed HR+/HER2- invasive breast cancer: ER and/or PR positive (IHC nuclear staining ≥1%). HER2-negative (IHC 0 or 1+ without FISH testing, or IHC 2+ with FISH-negative amplification). Ki67 ≥20%. Clinically measurable lesions: Measurable lesions confirmed by ultrasound, mammography, or MRI (optional) within 1 month prior to randomization. Adequate organ and bone marrow function (within 1 month prior to chemotherapy): Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥2.0 × 10\^9/L. Hemoglobin ≥90 g/L. Platelet count ≥100 × 10\^9/L. Total bilirubin \<1.5 × ULN (upper limit of normal). Creatinine \<1.5 × ULN. AST/ALT \<1.5 × ULN. Cardiac function: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥55% by echocardiography. Reproductive status: Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to randomization. ECOG performance status: ≤1. Informed consent: Signed written informed consent. 3.2 Exclusion Criteria Patients meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded: Evidence of metastatic breast cancer: Chest/abdominal CT and bone scan required at any time from diagnosis to randomization to exclude metastasis. PET/CT may substitute for other imaging modalities. Prior systemic therapy: Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, or radiotherapy for the current breast cancer. Second primary malignancy, except: Adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer. Prior immunotherapy: Treatment with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, or other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immune-related conditions: Diagnosed immunodeficiency or active autoimmune disease. Severe cardiopulmonary disease: Uncontrolled or clinically significant. Active hepatitis: Hepatitis B or C with detectable viral load. Transplant history: Prior organ or bone marrow transplantation. Pregnancy or lactation: Pregnant or breastfeeding women. Other contraindications: Severe uncontrolled comorbidities deemed by investigators to contraindicate chemotherapy or PD-1 inhibitor therapy.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 - 69 years * Medical diagnosis of a depressive disorder, including depressive adjustment disorder and depressive episodes in the context of bipolar disorder, i.e. one of the following ICD-10 codes: * F32 Depressive Episode * F33 Recurrent Depressive Disorder * F31.3 Bipolar Affective Disorder, current mild or moderate depressive episode * F31.4 Bipolar Affective Disorder, current severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms * F43.20 Adjustment Disorder with Brief Depressive Reaction * F43.21 Adjustment Disorder with Prolonged Depressive Reaction * Inpatient admission * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to fill out questionnaires with or without assistance due to language, physical, or cognitive limitations * Acute psychotic state * Known body schema disorders, e.g. due to significant neurological or malignant diseases, eating disorders, congenital or acquired physical limitations such as the absence of a body part * Deafness, blindness

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Female patients aged ≥18 years and ≤75 years who have not received prior treatment; 2. ECOG score of 0 to 1; 3. Her-2 (0), Her-2 (1+), Her-2 (2+) must test negative by ISH (in situ hybridization). 4. Hormone receptor status: ER (Estrogen Receptor) \<1%, PR (Progesterone Receptor) \<1%; 5. The functional levels of major organs must meet the following requirements (no blood transfusion within 2 weeks prior to screening, no use of white blood cell or platelet-raising drugs): 6. Complete blood count： Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×10\^9/L; Platelet count (PLT) ≥90×10\^9/L; Hemoglobin (Hb) ≥90 g/L; 7. Blood chemistry Total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN); Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤1.5×ULN; Alkaline phosphatase ≤2.5×ULN; Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) ≤1.5×ULN; 8. Echocardiogram Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥55%; 9、12-lead ECG QTc interval corrected by Fridericia's method (QTcF) \<470 msec. 10、For premenopausal or surgically unsterilized female patients: agree to abstain from sexual intercourse or use effective contraceptive methods during the treatment period and for at least 7 months after the last administration of study treatment. 11、Voluntarily participate in this study, sign the informed consent form, have good compliance, and are willing to cooperate with follow-up visits Exclusion Criteria: 1. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer; 2. Inflammatory breast cancer; 3. A history of receiving anti-cancer treatment or radiotherapy for any malignant tumor, excluding curative treatments for in situ cervical cancer, basal cell carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma, etc.; 4. Concurrently participating in other clinical trials involving anti-cancer therapies, including endocrine therapy, bisphosphonate therapy, or immunotherapy; 5. Having undergone significant non-breast cancer related surgical procedures within 4 weeks prior to enrollment, or not having fully recovered from such procedures; 6. Severe cardiac disease or conditions, including but not limited to the following: * A confirmed history of heart failure or systolic dysfunction (LVEF \<50%); * High-risk uncontrolled arrhythmias, such as atrial tachycardia, resting heart rate \>100 bpm, significant ventricular arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia), or higher-grade atrioventricular block (i.e., Mobitz Type II second-degree atrioventricular block or third-degree atrioventricular block); * Angina requiring anti-anginal medication; * Clinically significant valvular heart disease; * ECG showing transmural myocardial infarction; * Poorly controlled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \>100 mmHg); 7. Inability to swallow, intestinal obstruction, or other factors affecting drug intake and absorption; 8. Known history of allergies to the components of the study medication: a history of immunodeficiency, including positive HIV tests, or other acquired or congenital immunodeficiency diseases, or a history of organ transplantation; 9. Pregnant or nursing women, women of childbearing potential with a positive baseline pregnancy test, or women of reproductive age who are unwilling to use effective contraceptive measures throughout the trial period and for 7 months after the last administration of study medication; 10. Having severe concomitant diseases or other conditions that would interfere with planned treatment, or any other circumstances deemed by the investigator to make the patient unsuitable for participation in this study.

Inclusion Criteria: * Youth and young adults 11-25 years of age * MS diagnosis or clinically isolated syndrome per revised McDonald diagnostic criteria and International Pediatric MS Study Group Criteria * A score of 10 or above on the CES-DC scale. Exclusion Criteria: * Have non-specific white matter abnormalities and metabolic or infectious etiologies for white matter abnormalities * Do not speak and read English at a level needed to complete the questionnaires (4th grade level) * Have significant motor disability (EDSS ≥4) * Are at increased risk of cardiac or other complications of exercise testing, as determined by the pediatric neurologist or physician

Inclusion Criteria: Samples from patients with group 1, 3 or 4 PH stored in the Spanish PH Biobank (IdiBAPS). A maximum of 100 samples was limited for PAH associated to groups 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (idiopathic, heritable and drug-induced PH) and 100 samples from group 4. Samples will be randomly selected by the Biobank managers. All available samples from control (matched for sex and age) and group 3 PH. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Samples from PAH associated to HIV infection, schistosomiasis or PAH with features of venous/capillary (PVOD/PCH) involvement. 2. Samples from patients that were analyzed in our previous study (PMID: 32041235)

Inclusion Criteria * Each participant must meet the following criteria to be enrolled in this study: * Adults aged 18 to 75 years. * WHO functional class I, II/III despite treatment with maximally tolerated doses of 2 or more treatment modalities including PDE5 inhibitors, guanylate cyclase stimulators, endothelin receptor antagonists, and prostanoids when appropriate. Exclusion Criteria * Participants who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study. * Participants with serious concomitant morbidity per investigator assessment.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged between 18 and 75 years old. * Diagnosed with hypertension, based on ICD-9 codes (401-401.9). * Independent in performing activities of daily living. * Ability to respond to SMS messages. Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. * Refusal to sign the informed consent form. * Diagnosis of cancer. * Mobility limitations that prevent engaging in physical activity. * Lack of a smartphone with internet access.