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Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adult patients, at least 18 years of age, with a history of pathologically confirmed ER+ breast cancer 2. Biopsy proven or clinically obvious documented bone metastases from breast cancer (with the majority of the disease burden in the bone) 3. Patients planning to start new endocrine targeted therapy (any line of therapy is acceptable and any endocrine therapy is allowed) 4. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits and serial imaging procedures 5. Agrees to allow access to clinical records regarding response to treatment and long term follow up. 6. Be informed of the investigational nature of this study and provide written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines Exclusion Criteria: 1. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding 2. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose greater than 200 mg/dL) 3. Inability to tolerate imaging procedures (e.g. claustrophobia, severe pain) 4. Weight exceeding capacity of imaging table 5. Previous treatment with radiation or surgery to a significant percentage of bony metastatic sites 6. Treatment with marrow stimulating agents (e.g. granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF)) within 3 weeks of baseline scan

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus 2. BMI between 35 and 50kg/m2. 3. Males and females 4. Age between 18 and 60 years. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Severe ongoing psychiatric disorder, alcoholism and substance abuse. 2. Redo operations after previous bariatric procedures. 3. Type 1 diabetes or other non-type 2 forms of diabetes 4. End stage renal disease, retinopathy, neuropathy

Inclusion Criteria: * FORBOW (Families Overcoming Risks and Building Opportunities for Well-Being) participant between 9-21 years old * Meet criteria for one or more antecedents (psychotic like experience, basic symptoms, anxiety or affective lability) Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of severe mental illness (schizophrenia, other psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, severe major depressive disorder) * More than 3 sessions of structured psychological therapy in the past 12 months * Insufficient understanding of the English language to benefit from the intervention

CANTO - Breast Inclusion Criteria: * Women, * Aged 18 years and over, * With an invasive breast cancer diagnosed by cytology or histology, * No clinical evidence of metastasis at the time of inclusion, * Untreated including scored for breast cancer surgery in progress, * Patient receiving a social security system, * Patient mastering the French language, * Free and informed consent for additional biological samples, different questionnaires and collecting information on resource usage. * (Since february 2022) Patient : 1. Age \< 45 years at diagnostic 2. Or CT2-3, cN0-3, HER2+(RH+or RH-) or RH-HER2- 3. Or Eligible to Pembrozilumab, Olaparib, TDM1, Abemaciclib or Ribociclib Exclusion Criteria: * Metastatic breast cancer, * Local recurrence of breast cancer, * History of cancer within 5 years prior to entry into the trial other than basal cell skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, * Already received treatment for breast cancer ongoing, * Blood transfusion performed for less than six months, * Persons deprived of liberty or under supervision (including guardianship). CANTO - Lung Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18 years and over, Having lung cancer diagnosed by cytology or histology or suspected cancer of the lung, * Tumor cTX to cT4, cN0-3, * No clinical evidence of metastasis at the time of inclusion (patients with metastases on extension assessment within 6 months following diagnosis will be removed from the study), * Eligible for curative treatment by surgery or radiotherapy \* (note patients treated with exclusive chemotherapy, exclusive radiotherapy or exclusive stereotactic radiotherapy will be out of study) * Lack of treatment received for current lung cancer, including surgical treatment * Patient benefiting from a social protection scheme, * Patient mastering the French language, * Free and informed consent for additional biological samples, the different questionnaires and the collection of information on resource consumption. Exclusion Criteria: * Metastatic lung cancer, * Local relapse of lung cancer, * History of cancer within 3 years prior to study entry other than basal cell cutaneous or epithelioma in situ of the cervix, * Treatment already received for current lung cancer, * Blood transfusion carried out less than 6 months ago, * Persons deprived of liberty or under guardianship (including curatorship).

Inclusion Criteria: * OHSU medical residents, fellows, and full-time School of Medicine faculty Exclusion Criteria: * individuals not meeting the above inclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years old * Undergoing RHC for PH evaluation Exclusion Criteria: * Anemia defined as Hgb \< 10 g/dL and HCT \< 30 * Pregnancy at the time of RHC (as assessed by urine or serum pregnancy test on the day of the procedure) * Left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40% * Atrial fibrillation at the time of RHC (as defined by telemetry monitoring or EKG on the day of the procedure) * IPF, CTEPH, COPD/OSA as the dominant etiology of PH * Patient is currently taking PH medication or long-acting nitrates at the time of their RHC.

Inclusion Criteria: * Metastasized or locally advanced incurable triple negative breast cancer; patients with stage IV at diagnosis are eligible as well. If the primary lesion is the only measurable lesion according to RECIST criteria, every locoregional treatment must be mentioned to the investigators. * Histologically confirmed triple negative breast cancer (ER: \< 10% nuclear staining of tumor cells on IHC; HER2: either score 0 or 1 at immunohistochemistry or negative at in situ hybridization \[CISH or FISH\] in case of score 2 or 3 on IHC) * Histological confirmation of triple negative breast cancer of a metastatic lesion is recommended * Histological or cytological confirmation of metastatic breast cancer is required in case of normal CA 15.3 levels * Primary tumor or metastasis tissue (10 x10 μm blank slides FFPE tumor material) sent to NKI-AVL for BRCA-like testing * Pretreatment histological biopsy of a metastatic lesion for the translational research questions (tumor tissue from bone metastases cannot be used). * No previous cytotoxic therapy for metastatic disease * Disease-free interval of at least 12 months after completion of adjuvant paclitaxel or platinum compound therapy * Disease-free interval of at least 6 months after completion of adjuvant docetaxel * Measurable disease according to RECIST v1.1 * WHO performance status of 0 or 1 * Adequate bone marrow function: neutrophils ≥ 1.5 x 10E9 cells/l, platelets ≥100 x 10E9 cells/l, Hb ≥ 6.2 mmol/l. * Normal liver function: bilirubin \< 1.5 x upper limit of the normal range (ULN); alkaline phosphatase \< 2.5 x ULN (\< 5 x ULN in case of liver metastases, and \< 7 x ULN in case of bone metastases); transaminases (ASAT/ALAT) \< 2.5 x ULN (and \< 5 x ULN in case of liver metastases). * Normal renal function: \> calculated (Cockcroft-Gault) or measured creatinine clearance \> 50 mL/min * INR \< 1.5 and APTT normal, unless patient is on stable anti-coagulant treatment for at least two weeks with a low molecular weight heparin or coumarin, then an INR within the target range (usually between 2 and 3) is allowed. * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Receptor conversion to hormone receptor positive (defined as \>= 10% positive ER or PgR tumor cells) or HER2 positive * Another cancer except basal-cell carcinoma of the skin or in situ cervical cancer within the previous 5 years * Other antitumor therapy within the previous 21 days with the exception of endocrine therapy. The patient should have stopped any endocrine therapy before start study treatment. * Radiotherapy with palliative intent within the previous 7 days before randomization. * Known CNS disease except for treated brain metastases. * Uncontrolled serious medical or psychiatric illness * Pre-existing peripheral neuropathy \> grade 1 (NCI-CTC AE (version 4.03)) at inclusion * Severe infection within 4 weeks prior to randomization * received antibiotocs within 2 weeks prior to cycle 1, day 1 * Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to randomization or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure during the course of the study * New York Heart Association Class II or greater congestive heart failure. LVEF by MUGA, ultrasound or MRI must be ≥ 50% and should be performed within 4 weeks prior to randomization if cardiac failure is suspected. * History of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months prior to randomization * History of myocardial infarction or unstable angina or unstable arrhytmias within 3 months prior to randomization futher criteria, see protocol

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients must be post-menopausal; post-menopausal will be defined as women meeting any of the following criteria: * \>= 60 years of age; or * \< 60 years of age and amenorrheic for \>= 12 months prior to day 1 if uterus/ovaries are intact; or * \< 60 years of age, and the last menstrual period 6-12 months prior to day 1, if intact uterus/ovaries and meets biochemical criteria for menopause (follicle-stimulating hormone \[FSH\] and estradiol within institutional standard for postmenopausal status); or * \< 60 years of age, without a uterus, and meets biochemical criteria for menopause (FSH and estradiol within institutional standards for postmenopausal status); or * \< 60 years of age and history of bilateral oophorectomy; surgery must have been completed at least 4 weeks prior to day 1; or * Prior radiation castration with amenorrhea for at least 6 months * Patients must have estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive histologically confirmed stage I-III adenocarcinoma of the breast * Patients must have completed recommended local therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer * Plan to treat with anastrozole for at least 12 months * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status between 0-2 * Patients must be disease-free of other prior invasive malignancies for ≥ 5 years with the exception of curatively-treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix. Prior early stage breast cancers are also allowed as long as prior treatment did not include aromatase inhibitors. * Patients must have worst pain rated as less than 4 out of 10 on the following question: "In the past week, how much pain have you had on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 equals no pain and 10 means the worst pain you can imagine; " NOTE: This question regarding patient's pain should be completed within one week prior to registration; this pain item may be completed orally prior to consent up to 7 days prior to registration; it is not necessary to complete this pain item via the PROMIS website * Patients must have adequate hepatic, hematologic and renal functioning to be able to be administered anastrozole at the discretion of the treating physician Exclusion Criteria: * Prior AI therapy with exemestane, letrozole, or anastrozole as adjuvant therapy or for prevention of breast cancer; prior tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy or for prevention is allowed * Patients must not be currently taking (or have taken in the past 6 months) ongoing, daily analgesic medication for active, chronic conditions (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, tenosynovitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, fibromyalgia, or severe osteoarthritis involving the hands, wrists, hips, knees, feet or ankles); (note: patients taking daily low dose aspirin are allowed to participate in this trial) * Prior history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism in the past 5 years

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer attending hospital for the resection of their tumour tissue Or -Patients with suspected or confirmed recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (Patient has a history of a biopsy- or surgically- (i.e. pathologically) confirmed primary breast cancer) attending hospital for the resection/biopsy and/or treatment of tumour tissue Or -Patient with suspected (but not necessarily biopsy confirmed) newly diagnosed stage 4 breast cancer attending hospital for the resection/biopsy and/or treatment of their tumour tissue 2. Patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment are also eligible (if applicable) 3. Patients have to be ≥ 18 years of age 4. Patients must be able to give informed consent

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed breast cancer for which chemotherapy with AC (doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide) is being utilized in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting OR metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma for which Docetaxel will be administered * Body mass index (BMI) \>= 18.5 * Subjects do not need to have measurable or evaluable disease; chemotherapy may be administered in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic setting * Prior therapy: * Breast cancer subjects may not have received prior chemotherapy, with the exception of curative-intent chemotherapy for a separate malignancy more than 3 years ago * Prostate cancer subjects may have received prior treatment with metronomic cyclophosphamide as this is considered anti-angiogenic/immunomodulatory and not cytotoxic * Prostate cancer subjects may be receiving a 2nd course of docetaxel provided that \*\* The first course resulted in a PSA response (\> 30% reduction in prostate specific antigen \[PSA\] and/or improvement in radiographic findings or pain) and the last dose was \>= 9 months ago * Prior Radiotherapy is allowed, provided at least 2 weeks have elapsed from completion of radiotherapy to initiation of protocol treatment * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \< 2x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1500 * Platelets (plts) \> 90,000 * Premenopausal women must have a negative pregnancy test and must agree to use barrier contraception throughout the study period Exclusion Criteria: * Diabetes Mellitus * Peripheral Neuropathy \>= grade 1 * Prior therapy with inhibitors of IGF-1 * Concurrent use of somatostatin * Significant food allergies which would make the subject unable to consume the food provided (ex: shellfish, soy or egg allergy)

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of a rare disease, a disease of unknown prevalence, undiagnosed or an unaffected carrier of a rare/uncommon disease Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of a disease which is not rare

Inclusion Criteria: Subject Inclusion Criteria for Cohort of Premenopausal Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer and Lymphoma * Women, 18 years of age and older * Premenopausal women at time of diagnosis who have either been pregnant or had at least one menstrual period in the last 12 months * Note: premenopausal women at time of diagnosis who have not been pregnant or have not had at least one menstrual period in the last 12 months are able to participate only if they have had an intrauterine device (IUD) in place within the last 12 months. * Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer (stage 0-III) who are within 1 month of starting systemic treatment or women with any aggressive lymphoma being treated with first line therapy with curative intent. * Breast cancer patients with any receptor type * English speaking * Able to participate in the informed consent process Subject Inclusion Criteria for Tamoxifen Only Subset of Cohort of Premenopausal Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer and Lymphoma * Women, 18 years of age and older. * Premenopausal women at time of diagnosis who have either been pregnant or had at least one menstrual period in the last 12 months * Note: premenopausal women at time of diagnosis who have not been pregnant or have not had at least one menstrual period in the last 12 months are able to participate only if they have had an intrauterine device (IUD) in place within the last 12 months. * Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer (stage 0-III) who have not yet started treatment and are planning to start Tamoxifen as their only form of systemic treatment within one month * Breast cancer patients with any receptor type * English speaking * Able to participate in the informed consent process Subject Inclusion Criteria for Cohort of Postmenopausal Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer and Lymphoma * Women, 18 years of age and older. * Postmenopausal women at time of diagnosis who have been without period for ≥ 2 years. * Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer (stage 0-III) who are within 1 month of starting systemic treatment or women with any aggressive lymphoma being treated with first line therapy with curative intent. * Breast cancer patients with any receptor type * English speaking * Able to participate in the informed consent process Exclusion Criteria: Subject Exclusion Criteria for both Pre and Postmenopausal Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer and Lymphoma * Active secondary cancer requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy * Prior systemic treatment for a malignancy

* ELIGIBILITY: The study will enroll subjects with confirmed and suspected NYHA/WHO Group 1 PH (68) as well as age and sex matched control subjects. Subjects must be at least 18 years of age and must be able to provide informed, written consent for participation in this study. There is no exclusion based on race or sex. INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR PAH SUBJECTS: Inclusion Criteria: The following parameters on RHC are required to meet the hemodynamic definition of PAH (NYHA/WHO Group I PH): * mean pulmonary artery pressure of \> 25 mmHg at rest, * pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of \< 15 mmHg (or a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of \< 12 mmHg), and * pulmonary vascular resistance of \> 3 Wood units (240 dyn s cm-5). For patients with suspected PAH (Group I PH) who have not undergone a RHC and/or additional testing to confirm the diagnosis, this testing will be completed as clinically indicated under a procedural consent. If clinically indicated (diagnostic) testing indicates that the subject with suspected PAH does not in fact meet standard criteria for PAH (Group I PH), then the subject will be removed from the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant or breastfeeding women (all women of childbearing potential will be required to have a screening urine or blood pregnancy test) * Age less than 18 years * Inability to provide informed written consent for participation in the study INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS: Inclusion Criteria for Control Subjects Any healthy man or woman who is the appropriate age and sex for matching to a PAH patient * Must be eligible for MRI and Gadolinium Based MRI studies * Must be eligible for CT and Iodine Based Contrast CT studies Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Control Subjects * Current pregnancy or breastfeeding (All women of childbearing potential will be required to have a screening urine or blood pregnancy test) * Electrocardiographic evidence of clinically relevant heart disease * Symptoms of coronary or cardiac insufficiency * More than one major risk factor for coronary artery disease (excluding age and sex) * Obesity (defined as a body mass index \> 30 kg/m\^2) * History of underlying conditions/risk factors associated with pulmonary hypertension such as collagen vascular disease, HIV infection, use of appetite suppressants, chronic liver disease or cirrhosis of the liver, chronic thromboembolic disease, congenital heart defects, hypoxemia and/or significant pulmonary parenchymal disease * Systemic hypertension that is not well controlled (i.e. blood pressure at the time of screening \>140/90 mmHg in adults \< 60 years old or \>150/90 mmHg in adults 60 years or older) on medications. Subjects taking \> 2 anti-hypertensive medications will be excluded irrespective of their current blood pressure at time of screening * Anemia, thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy * Renal insufficiency (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of \< 60 mL/min/1.73m\^2 of body surface area) * Active tobacco use (\> 6 months) in the past ten years, any tobacco use within 3 months prior to the screening evaluation or any tobacco use prior to completion of the study * Inability to provide informed written consent for participation in the study * History of recreational drug use with the exception of marijuana (as long as marijuana use was \> 3 months from the time of study screening). * Volunteers may be excluded if in the opinion of the study investigators they have a condition that may adversely affect the outcome of the study or the safety of the volunteer. Exclusion Criteria for MRI in Healthy Control Subjects and Subjects with PAH These contraindications include but are not limited to the following devices or conditions: 1. Implanted cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator 2. Cochlear Implants 3. Ocular foreign body (e.g. metal shavings) 4. Embedded shrapnel fragments 5. Central nervous system aneurysm clips 6. Implanted neural stimulator 7. Any implanted device that is incompatible with MRI 8. Unsatisfactory performance status as judged by the referring physician such that the subject could not tolerate an MRI scan. Examples of medical conditions that would not be accepted would include unstable angina and severe dyspnea at rest 9. Subjects requiring monitored sedation for MRI studies 10. Subjects with a condition precluding entry into the scanner (e.g. morbid obesity, claustrophobia, etc.) 11. Subjects with severe back-pain or motion disorders who will be unable to tolerate supine positioning within the MRI scanner and hold still for the duration of the examination. Exclusion Criteria for Gadolinium Based MRI Studies Only: 1. History of severe allergic reaction to gadolinium contrast agents despite pre- medication with diphenhydramine and prednisone 2. Chronic kidney disease (an estimated glomerular filtration rate of \< 60 mL/min/1.73m\^2 of body surface area) Exclusion Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography in Healthy Control Subjects and Subjects with PAH: 1\) Subjects with a condition precluding entry into the scanner (e.g. morbid obesity, claustrophobia, etc.) Exclusion Criteria for Iodine Based Contrast CTA Studies Only: 1. Serum creatinine \> 1.4 mg/dL 2. History of multiple myeloma 3. Use of metformin-containing products less than 24 hours prior to contrast administration 4. History of significant allergic reaction to CTA contrast agents despite pre-medication with diphenhydramine and prednisone

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Subject must have provided written Informed Consent 2. Subject must have biopsy-proven invasive ductal carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast 3. Subject must be female ≥ 40 years of age 4. Subject's tumor(s) must be \< 3.0 cm in greatest diameter by pre-operative assessment 5. Subject's tumor(s) must meet AJCC Tumor Classification: Tis, T1 or T2 (\< 3 cm), N0, M0 6. Subject presenting with bilateral breast cancer may be enrolled if BOTH cancers meet all of the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria 7. Women of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within one week of IORT treatment 8. Women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraceptive precautions (defined as oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, surgical contraceptives or a combination of condom and spermicide) from the time of negative pregnancy test through completion of the radiation treatment period Exclusion Criteria: 1. Subject is pregnant or nursing 2. Subject has significant auto-immune disease 3. Subject has a pacemaker present in the field of radiation or quadrant of the breast cancer 4. Subject has biopsy-proven multifocal breast cancer 5. Subject has multi-centric breast cancer 6. Subject has known lympho-vascular invasion 7. Subject has invasive lobular cancer 8. Subject has undergone neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or neo-adjuvant endocrine therapy for current breast cancer 9. Subject has a history of recurrent breast cancer in the ipsilateral breast 10. Subject has had previous radiation exposure of the involved breast 11. Subject has BRCA 1 or 2 mutations. Note: Testing will only be required for Subjects presenting with bilateral breast cancer; testing is not required for unilateral cancers 12. Subject has contraindications for radiation 13. Subject considered by the Investigator to be high-risk for breast conservation surgery and/or intra-operative radiation therapy 14. Subject has participated in any other clinical investigation that is likely to confound study results or affect study outcome either at the time of IORT or for 3 months prior to IORT.

Asthmatic Patients: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Physician diagnosis of asthma, 2. Age 6 years and older 3. Evidence of historical reversibility, including either: * FEV1 bronchodilator reversibility ≥ 12%, or * Airway hyperresponsiveness reflected by a methacholine PC20 ≤16 mg/mL. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Pregnancy during the characterization phase, 2. Current smoking, 3. Smoking history \> 10 pack years if ≥30 years of age, or smoking history \> 5 pack years if \<30 years of age (Note: if a subject has a smoking history, no smoking within the past year), 4. Other chronic pulmonary disorders associated with asthma-like symptoms, including (but not limited to) cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, vocal cord dysfunction (that is the sole cause of respiratory symptoms and at the PI's discretion), severe scoliosis or chest wall deformities that affect lung function, or congenital disorders of the lungs or airways, 5. History of premature birth before 35 weeks gestation, 6. Unwillingness to receive an intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide injection, 7. Evidence that the participant or family may be unreliable or poorly adherent to their asthma treatment or study procedures, 8. Planning to relocate from the clinical center area before study completion, 9. Any other criteria that place the subject at unnecessary risk according to the judgment of the Principal Investigator and/or attending physician(s) of record, or 10. Currently participating in an investigational drug trial for asthma therapies. Healthy Controls: Inclusion criteria: Healthy subjects between the age of 18 and 65 years. Exclusion criteria 1. History of chronic diseases that affect the lungs, 2. A history suggestive of allergic rhinitis, eczema or chronic sinusitis, 3. An improvement in FEV1 of more than 12% following 4 puffs of albuterol, 4. Smoking history \> 10 pack years if ≥30 years of age, or smoking history \> 5 pack years if \<30 years of age, or any smoking within the past year, 5. Respiratory tract infection within the past 4 weeks, 6. Pregnancy, 7. History of premature birth (\<35 weeks).

Inclusion Criteria: * patients with pulmonary hypertension * patients at risk for getting pulmonary hypertension * patients who have symptoms which my be due to pulmonary hypertension when we have their written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * patients without written informed consent

Inclusion Criteria: * Suitable for breast conserving surgery * T1 and T2 (\< 3.5 cm), N0, M0 Exclusion Criteria: * Axillary lymph node positive breast cancer * Tumor size \> 3.5 cm * Extensive intraductal component (EIC \>= 25% of the lumpectomy specimen involved with ductal carcinoma in situ), as assessed on surgical pathologic lumpectomy specimen * Multicentric cancer in the same breast as diagnosed by clinical examination, mammography, ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or pathologic assessment, not amenable to excision with negative margins with a single lumpectomy * Inability to assess pathologic margin status * Synchronous bilateral breast cancer at the time of diagnosis * Ipsilateral breast had a previous cancer and/or prior in-field radiation * Patients known to have BRCA1/2 gene mutations (testing for gene mutations is not required) * Patients undergoing primary systemic treatment (hormones or chemotherapy) as initial treatment with neoadjuvant reducing tumor size * Previous history of malignant disease does not preclude entry if the expectation of relapse-free survival at 10 years or greater * Any factor included as exclusion criteria in the participating center's treatment policy statement * Additional exclusion criteria for University of California San Francisco (UCSF) (as laid out in the Treatment Policy): * Patients under the age of 50 * Estrogen receptor negative (as defined in Treatment Policy under "Pathology") * Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive (as defined in Treatment Policy under "HER2") * Lymphovascular invasion * High grade * Tumors \> 3 cm * Node positive patients * Prior chemotherapy or hormone therapy

Inclusion Criteria: * Women with a history of invasive breast cancer or DCIS * Currently taking aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen * Not receiving hormone replacement therapy for minimum of one month * Age 18 years or older * Self-reported hot flashes at least fourteen times per week * Self-reported hot flashes for at least one month * If receiving non-tricyclic antidepressants (venlafaxine, paroxetine, citalopram, sertraline, etc.) or gabapentin, no change in regimen in past 4 weeks. Exclusion Criteria: * Receiving any other treatment for hot flashes within the past month, including estrogens, progestins, androgens, or gabapentin. * Current use of clonidine or solifenacin. (If patients have been off of these for one month, then they are eligible) * History of severe renal or moderate or severe hepatic impairment, as indicated by physical exam and medical record * Concurrent or planned chemotherapy or radiotherapy (within next 3 months) * Currently receiving tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, barbiturates, pimozide. * Currently using CYP3A4 inducers (i.e., aminoglutethimide, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, efavirenz, ethosuximide, griseofulvin, modafinil, nafcillin, nevirapine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, primidone, rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine, St. John's Wort, sulfadimidine, sulfinpyrazone, troglitazone) or potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (i.e., chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, erythromycin, imatinib mesylate, indinavir sulfate, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nefazoldone, nelfinavir mesylate, ritonavir, telithromycin, troleandomycin). * Uncontrolled or poorly controlled narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, gastric retention (evaluated from history \& physical exam and medical record) * Hypotension or uncontrolled hypertension (160/95 \> BP \< 100/60) * Severe coronary insufficiency, conduction disturbances, recent myocardial infarction (within past 3 months), cerebrovascular disease, syncope (evaluated from history \& physical and medical record) * History of allergy or adverse reactions to clonidine or solifenacin * ECOG status \> 2 (in bed more than 50% of day)

Inclusion Criteria: * Newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed stage I-III breast cancer * Planning to undergo definitive surgical management with lumpectomy or mastectomy with in the next 8 weeks. * Willing and able to participate in the intervention for at least 3 weeks prior to surgery. * ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 * Approval by oncologist or surgeon * Willingness to be randomized. * English speaking and able to read English Exclusion Criteria: * Concurrent other malignancy or history of other malignancy treated within the past 3 years (other than non-melanoma skin cancer or in situ cervical cancer) * Presence of metastatic disease * Scheduled to receive any form of neoadjuvant cancer therapy * Locally advanced breast cancer not amenable to primary surgery * History of prior ipsilateral breast cancer * Taking tamoxifen, raloxifene or an aromatase inhibitor at the time of breast cancer diagnosis * Absolute contraindications to maximal exercise testing as recommended by the American Thoracic Society * Any condition which in the investigator's opinion makes the subject unsuitable for study participation * Participating in another clinical study with competing study outcomes * Pregnant (i.e., positive beta-HCG) or breast feeding * Unable to comply with protocol and/or not available for follow-up assessments * Participation in more than 90 minutes a week of moderate-intensity recreational activity (not including activities such as gardening, bowling, golfing with a cart) as assessed by the Leisure Score Index of Godin Leisure- Time Exercise Questionnaire (LSI) (Appendix I) or recent participation (past 6 months) in two or more strength training sessions per week. * Diabetes mellitus requiring insulin or oral agents; patients with diet-controlled diabetes will be allowed to participate

Inclusion Criteria: * Confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer * Ability to obtain physical positioning for perometry (e.g. abducting shoulder to 90 degrees) and BIS measurements (e.g. standing without aid) Exclusion Criteria: * Evidence of distant metastatic disease that may cause edema, * Previous breast cancer * History of lymphedema * Pregnancy at the time of accrual and/or cardiac implants (contraindications for BIS) * Medical conditions that cause fluid retention or swelling (e.g. axillary cancer recurrence, renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure).