Immune Status and Disease Control of Inflammatory Airway Diseases

Inclusion Criteria 1. Age ≥18 years (≥40 years for COPD patients). 2. Clinical diagnosis of asthma, ABPA, bronchiectasis, OSAS, or COPD according to established criteria. 3. PRISm patients (post-BD FEV1/FVC ≥70% and FEV1 \<80% predicted) 4. Smoking controls: ≥10 pack-years, normal lung function, no chronic respiratory symptoms. 5. Healthy controls: normal lung function, FeNO \<20 ppb, total IgE \<100 IU/mL, no chronic disease, smoking \<10 pack-years, no immunosuppressant use within 3 months. Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients with severe respiratory diseases other than those included in the study, such as pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung disease, or active lung cancer. 2. Patients with severe systemic diseases that may interfere with study completion, such as myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia, hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, hematological disorders, or malignancy. 3. Patients with an acute exacerbation within 4 weeks before enrollment, or systemic use of antibiotics, antifungal drugs, immunosuppressive agents, cytotoxic agents, or corticosteroids (except for long-term maintenance therapy) 4. Pregnant or lactating women. 5. Patients with poor compliance as judged by the investigators. 6. Subjects currently participating in other clinical studies.