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General Inclusion Criteria (applicable to all groups): 1. Signed informed consent by the participant. 2. Ability to lie still in the MR scanner for at least one hour. 3. No current or lifetime history of drug or alcohol abuse. 4. No medications that interfere with cognition. 5. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Disease-Specific Inclusion Criteria: I. Type 2 Diabetes Patients group (PG-IV-2H-DM): * Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes according to the ADA classification. * Treatment with lifestyle modification and/or non-insulin agents. II. High-Grade Carotid Stenosis Patient Group (PG-IV-1H-HGCS): * ≥50% stenosis of the carotid artery. III. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Patients (PG-IV-2H-AD/MCI): * Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or early Alzheimer's disease (AD). * Age range between 60-80 years. * Fluent in German. * Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing. * Ability to understand the research and provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Under 18 years of age. 2. Claustrophobia. 3. Pregnancy or current state of lactation. 4. Active implants (e.g., pacemakers, neuro-stimulators). 5. Passive ferromagnetic implants. 6. Passive non-ferromagnetic metallic implants \> 4 cm in a region covered by the active radio frequency (RF) coils. 7. Large tattoos inside a region covered by the active RF coils. 8. Known or suspected non-compliance. 9. Underweight \<30 kg body weight. 10. Body mass index (BMI) \> 30. 11. Overweight \>135 kg 12. Persons with extreme big head circumference or extreme astigmatism, which cannot be corrected by MR-compatible eyeglasses. 13. Persons not able to understand the informed consent form. 14. Not agreeing with the institute's policy to inform the subject on incidental findings discovered during the examination. 15. Visual and auditory acuity impairing neuropsychological testing (if relevant). 16. Diabetes or glucose intolerance according to WHO recommendations (excluded in the diabetes patient group). 17. Evidence of overt heart or renal disease. 18. Evidence of gastrointestinal tract disease. 19. Cognitive impairment (Mini-mental state examination score \<26/30, CDR score \>0, memory complaints) (excluding AD, MCI groups). 20. Smoking. 21. Current or life-time drug or alcohol abuse 22. Untreated dyslipidemia, hypertension, or thyroid disease. 23. Antidepressant medications with anticholinergic properties. 24. Regular use of narcotic agents more than two doses per week within 4 weeks of screening. 25. Antiparkinsonian medications used within 4 weeks of screening. 26. Enrollment in any investigational drug studies within 4 weeks of screening. 27. Immunomodulating or oncological treatment. 28. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. 29. Metallic intraocular foreign bodies: patients who have ever welded without eye protection or had facial injuries involving metal must have an orbit x-ray reviewed by a radiologist before MRI. 30. Implantable neurostimulation systems. 31. Cochlear implants/ear implants. 32. Drug infusion pumps (insulin delivery, analgesic drugs, or chemotherapy pumps). 33. Catheters with metallic components (e.g., Swan-Ganz catheter). 34. Metallic fragments (e.g., bullets, shotgun pellets, shrapnel). 35. Cerebral artery aneurysm clips. 36. Magnetic dental implants. 37. Tissue expanders. 38. Artificial limbs. 39. Non-removable hearing aids. 40. Non-removable piercings. 41. Implantable cardiocerter defibrillators 42. Cardiac resynchronization therapy devices 43. Fever (temperature \> 37.5°C measured prior to MRI). 44. Volunteers taking amphetamines or sedatives

Inclusion Criteria: * Cohort 1 Control Group: women without breast cancer or other malignancies. Case Group: patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer; no prior treatment; no distant metastasis; and not associated with other malignant tumor diseases. * Cohort 2 Pathologically diagnosed as breast cancer; Treatment niave patients; To receive standard neoadjuvant therapy; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1; Presence of at least one measurable lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Advanced Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) . * Cohort 3 Patients who have been discharged after breast cancer treatment. Exclusion Criteria: * Histologically undiagnosed breast cancer. Breast cancer with distant metastases. Combined with other malignant tumors. Participants must not have participated in other clinical trials within the past month, unless those trials are observational or non-interventional in nature.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients diagnosed with esophageal or gastric cancer, treated with (or without) chemotherapy and surgery. * Age ≥18 at the time for inclusion. * Participate on a voluntary basis and can (for any reason) end its participation during the study. * Capable of giving informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with preoperative cognitive dysfunction such as dementia. * Patients who are inoperable due to metastases. * Patients unable to communicate due to severely impaired hearing and/or - seeing. * Patients with ongoing drug and/or alcohol abuse. * Patients who cannot give informed consent.

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants must be aged between 18 or 85 years, * with a diagnosis of unilateral lymphedema in the upper extremity following breast cancer surgery * stage 2 lymphedema confirmed by a doctor * voluntary consent to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: * refusal to participate in the study * development of lymphedema due to primary causes, presence of bilateral upper extremity lymphedema * active soft tissue infection in the lymphedematous arm * mental or cognitive disorders * inability to communicate or cooperate * acute deep vein thrombosis, arterial insufficiency in the upper extremity, systemic diseases that could cause edema other than lymphedema (e.g., renal failure, liver failure, heart failure) * use of sleep medications or antidepressants

Inclusion Criteria: * Must be 65 years of age or above * Must be willing to participate in a low to moderate exercise program Exclusion Criteria: * Medical and cognitive conditions that prevent participation in the intervention * Allergies and or dislike of blueberries and/or protein powder

Inclusion Criteria Participants with psychosis symptoms: * Age 18-65 * Currently experiencing psychosis symptoms warranting treatment by secondary care mental health services, as confirmed by a psychiatrist involved in their treatment. * Psychosis symptoms likely to be attributable to a disorder represented by ICD codes F20-F39, in the opinion of the treating clinical team. * Due to start or change to a new regular antipsychotic medication. (Participants who are initiating antipsychotic treatment for the first time, transitioning to a different antipsychotic medication, or resuming a formerly prescribed antipsychotic medication that was discontinued for a minimum of two weeks may be recruited.) Control Participants * Age 18-65 * No active autoimmune disorder. * No history of psychosis symptoms. Exclusion Criteria Participants with psychosis symptoms: * Unacceptable risk of harm to participant or study staff due to risk of behavioural disturbance. * Currently taking or having taken in the last four weeks any medication known to grossly affect the production or function of immune cells (e.g. corticosteroids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab or other monoclonal antibody therapies). * Inability to have blood tests. Control participants: * Unacceptable risk of harm to participant or study staff due to risk of behavioural disturbance. * Currently taking or having taken in the last four weeks any medication known to grossly affect the production or function of immune cells (e.g. corticosteroids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab or other monoclonal antibody therapies). * Inability to have blood tests. Optional lumbar puncture only: * Significant lower spinal deformity (such as spina bifida), injury (such as stenosis) or previous lower spinal surgery. * Antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy within the 14 days prior to Lumbar Puncture procedure. * Known or suspected clotting disorder. * Clinically significant abnormality in full blood count. * Known or suspected raised intracranial pressure, assessed by study clinician. * Known or suspected allergy to local anaesthetic agent or an ingredient of the anaesthetic solution. * History of chronic or recurrent headaches, in the opinion of the investigator.

Inclusion Criteria: * English speaking veterans * has home internet access * has access to and familiarity in using a computer or tablet at least weekly * Asymptomatic patients with chronic conditions * has access to a mobile device with Short Message Service (SMS) text and picture capability * has an active clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th version (ICD-10) * has an ICD-10 diagnosis of epilepsy with at least one seizure documented within the last five years Exclusion Criteria: * pregnancy * Veterans that have current suicidal ideation * have active psychosis; and have an ICD-10 diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures or conversion disorder.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male and female subjects aged 18-70 years (inclusive) at screening 2. More than one year after spinal cord injury 3. Levels if injury C2-L2 with Asia Impairment Scale A, B, C or D. 4. Provision of signed and dated written informed consent prior to any study specific procedures 5. Diagnosed with T2DM with glucose control managed with diet and metformin monotherapy where no significant dose changes (increase or decrease ≥ 50%) have occurred in the three months prior to screening 6. HbA1c 6.0-9.0% at screening 7. BMI \> 22 kg/m2 at screening 8. Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and randomization, and must not be lactating 9. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active with a non-sterilized male partner must use at least one highly effective method of contraception from screening and must agree to continue using such precautions through to the end of the study. It is strongly recommended for the male partner of a female subject to also use male condom plus spermicide throughout this period. Cessation of contraception after this point should be discussed with a responsible physician. Periodic abstinence, the rhythm method, and the withdrawal method are not acceptable methods of contraception. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of, or any existing condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with evaluation of the investigational product, put the subject at risk, influence the subject's ability to participate or affect the interpretation of the results of the study and/or any subject unable or unwilling to follow study procedures. 2. Any subject who has received another investigational product as part of a clinical study within the last 30 days or 5 half-lives of the drug (whichever is longer) at the time of screening 3. Taking mirabegron or other glucose altering medications 4. Taking steroids within the past 1 year 5. Significant anemia (hemoglobin\<11g/dL) 6. History of gastric outlet obstruction or chronic diarrhea 7. History of a chronic neurological illness other than SCI (i.e.; MS, etc) 8. Any subject who has received any of the following medications within the specified time-frame prior to the start of the study * Herbal preparations or drugs licensed for control of body weight or appetite (eg, orlistat, bupropion-naltrexone, phentermine-topiramate, phentermine, lorcaserin) within a year prior to the start of the study * Pioglitazone, SGLT2 or DPPIV inhibitors, GLP-1RA within the last 60 days at the time of screening 9. Severe allergy/hypersensitivity to any of the proposed study treatments, excipients, acetaminophen 10. Symptoms of acutely decompensated blood glucose control (eg, thirst, polyuria, weight loss), a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or diabetic ketoacidosis, or if the subject has been treated with daily SC insulin within 90 days prior to screening. 11. Significant inflammatory bowel disease or other severe disease or surgery affecting the upper GI tract (including weight-reducing surgery and procedures) which could affect the interpretation of safety and tolerability data. Prior history of bariatric surgery is not considered exclusion given the ample evidence of safety of use of GLP-1R therapy in this population. 12. Acute or chronic pancreatitis 13. Significant hepatic disease (except for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis \[MASH\] or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease \[MASLD\]) without portal hypertension or cirrhosis) and/or subjects with any of the following results at screening: Aspartate transaminase (AST) ≥ 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN) Alanine transaminase (ALT) ≥ 3 × ULN Total bilirubin ≥ 2 × ULN 14. Impaired renal function defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 45 mL/minute/1.73m2 at screening (GFR estimated according to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) using MDRD Study Equation IDMS-traceable \[SI units\]) 15. Unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke within 3 months prior to screening, or subjects who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention or a coronary artery bypass graft within the past 6 months or who are due to undergo these procedures at the time of screening 16. Severe congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV) 17. Basal calcitonin level \> 50 ng/L at screening or history/family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia 18. History of neoplastic disease within 5 years prior to screening, except for adequately treated basal cell, squamous cell skin cancer, or in situ cervical cancer 19. History of HIV infection or other immune compromised disease; and history of organ transplantation 20. Substance dependence or history of alcohol abuse and/or excess alcohol intake 21. Patients on ketogenic diet

Inclusion Criteria for participants/clients: * Between ages 18 and 30 * Full-time student status (undergraduate, graduate, and professional) * Experience mild to moderate depressive symptoms as determined by the Beck Depression Inventory (score: 14-28) * Capacity to understand study procedures (informed consent) * Ability to speak and understand English * Willingness to comply with study procedures Inclusion Criteria for therapists: * Ages 18 or older * Qualification to administer therapy (decided by the Principal Investigator) * Capacity to understand the study procedures (informed consent) * Speak and understand English * Willingness to comply with study procedures Exclusion Criteria for participants/clients: * Active, Current Suicidal ideation as determined by the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) in the past month * Past suicidal attempt (lifetime) * Recently initiated psychotherapy (past month) * Elevated psychosis risk based on self-report prodromal questionnaire - brief version (PQ-B) or self-reported diagnosis of psychotic disorder by mental health provider * Positive screen for autism spectrum disorder based on the self-report autism quotient (AQ-10) or self-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder by mental health provider, * Daily intake of benzodiazepine of \>20 mg diazepam milligram equivalent * Inability to give informed, voluntary, written consent to participate * Inability to effectively communicate in English as determined by interaction with study personnel * Anything else that in the assessment of the study team is not conducive to the successful completion of the study requirements. There are no exclusion criteria for therapists

Inclusion Criteria: * First presentation of early stage breast cancer with all known disease surgically removed * Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER-2) negative * No clear decision on whether chemotherapy should be given as adjunct based on current prognostic criteria * Consented to GEP testing * Able to give full informed consent to IMPARTER study * Good comprehension of the Italian language * Access to internet connection and devices (e.g. smart phone, tablet, laptop or desktop computer) Exclusion Criteria: * Other breast cancer diagnosis (e.g. Ductal carcinoma in situ, Metastatic) * Unable to give fully informed consent * Under 18 years of age * Unable to understand and speak Italian * No access to internet connection or devices

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Female, age≤40 years old, 2. Invasive breast cancer confirmed by pathology, immunohistochemistry showed TNBC (ER-, PR-, HER2-), 3. Indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to guidelines: tumor diameter \> 2cm or with axillary lymph node metastasis or desiring breast-conserving surgery but should obtain negative surgical margins through neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Stage IV patients or a history of other malignancies, 2. Having microbial infection or autoimmune disease have not been cured or having HBV, HIV infection, 3. Having surgery 3 months before enrollment, 4. Patients with insufficient clinicopathological data, 5. Does not meet the indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy or is unwilling to cooperate.

Inclusion Criteria: * Male * \> 50 years * Diagnosis of arthritis (RA, PsA), collagen diseases (SLE, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome, mixed connective tissue diseases), vasculitis (eGPA, GPA, MPA, IgG4-related disease, GCA, PMR), sarcoidosis, COPD, ILD or asthma bronchiale confirmed by the treating physician. Exclusion Criteria: * Female * \< 50 years Inclusion Criteria (Healthy controls): * Male * \> 50 years Exclusion Criteria (Healthy controls): * Female * \< 50 years * autoimmune, rheumatological diease * pulmonary precondition

Inclusion Criteria: -Cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension undergoing upper GI endoscopy. Exclusion Criteria: -Contraindication to contrast:( severe renal insufficiency, allergy to contrast agents). -Previous history of upper GI endoscopy with intervention (band ligation or sclerotherapy).- * Pregnancy. * Patients with previous transjagular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). * Patients with contraindication to endoscopy (severe cardiopulmonary conditions, coma "unless the patient is intubated", and cardiac arrhythmias)

Inclusion Criteria: * Participant aged 30-64 years * Those diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes for at least 6 months * Not diagnosed with psychiatric and neurological diseases diagnosed by a doctor, * Having basic diabetes knowledge, * At least primary school graduate * Individuals who volunteered to participate in the research, * Smartphone and internet access, Exclusion Criteria: * Those who do not meet the inclusion criteria, * Those who have a condition that prevents them from receiving education (physical, mental, vision and hearing, etc.) * Those who have previously received functional food education, * Those who are pregnant, * Those with cancer, * Those with acute or chronic kidney disease, * Those with known food allergies.

Inclusion Criteria: * 1\) Patients with HER2 positive breast cancer who were diagnosed by core needle biopsy/operation in Peking University People's hospital; * 2\) The patients were treated in our hospital and underwent radical resection with hospitalization records; * 3\) Received standard anti-HER2 neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy (trastuzumab, trastuzumab combined with pertuzumab, T-DM1) * 4\) Has signed and agreed to participate in the PKUPH breast disease cohort study. Exclusion Criteria: * 1\) Lack of clinical and pathological data (such as imaging data and pathological data); * 2\) Patients with metastatic breast cancer or bilateral breast cancer; * 3\) Failure to perform radical surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 18 years and older. Exclusion Criteria: * Those with visual or hearing impairments that prevent interaction with VR content.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Women aged ≥18 years and ≤75 years with newly treated breast cancer; 2. Pathological examination confirmed HER2 positive (immunohistochemistry staining +++ or immunohistochemistry staining ++ and Fluorescence in situ hybridization positive); 3. Patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed histologically plus imaging as early (T1c-3, N0-1, M0) or locally advanced (T2-3, N2, or N3, M0); 4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score 0\~1; 5. Plan to undergo the final surgical removal of breast cancer, i.e. breast conserving surgery or total mastectomy, sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND); 6. If the major organs function normally, the following criteria are met: (1) The standard of blood routine examination should meet: absolute neutrophil count(ANC) ≥1.5×109/L; blood platelet (PLT) ≥90×109/L; Hb ≥90g/L; (2) Biochemical examination should meet the following criteria: total bilirubin(TBIL)≤ upper limit of normal value (ULN); alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and AST≤1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); Alkaline phosphatase ≤2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and Cr≤1.5×ULN and creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min (CockcroftGault formula); (3) Color Doppler ultrasonography and echocardiography: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF≥55%); (4) Fridericia calibrated QT interval (QTcF) for 18-lead ECG \<470 ms; 7. For female patients who are not menopausal or have not been surgically sterilized: consent to abstinence or use of an effective contraceptive method during treatment and for at least 7 months after the last dose in the study treatment; 8. Volunteer to join the study and sign the informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Known allergic history of the drug components of this protocol; 2. Previously received antitumor therapy or radiation therapy for any malignant tumor (except for cured cervical carcinoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma); 3. Has undergone major non-breast cancer related surgery within 4 weeks, or has not fully recovered from such surgery; 4. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer patients; 5. Inability to swallow, intestinal obstruction, or other factors affecting the administration and absorption of the drug; 6. Serious heart disease or discomfort that cannot be treated; 7. Suffering from mental illness or psychotropic substance abuse, unable to cooperate; 8. Pregnant or lactating women; 9. Patients with severe liver and kidney function diseases and blood system diseases; 10. Those who were not considered suitable for inclusion by the researchers included: history of drug abuse, history of use of blood products, anticoagulant drugs and immunological drugs within the past year; Patients with poor compliance and refusal to cooperate with treatment; Patients with severe high blood pressure, diabetes and other doctors deemed unsuitable for joining the study.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients 18 years or older to be treated with curative radiation therapy * Patients with brain, breast, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate or spine cancer * ECOG performance status 0-2 * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy, * Patients with any other clinically significant medical condition which, in the opinion of the treating physician, makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the study or which could jeopardize compliance with study requirements or severe psychiatric illness/social situation * Additional inclusion and exclusion criteria may apply to a specific sub-study

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants with a diagnosis of bipolar I or II according to the DSM-5-TR without psychotic features, confirmed by the MINI 7.0.2, and currently experiencing an MDE beginning at least 4 weeks prior to consent and not exceeding 12 months prior to Screening. * Body Mass Index (BMI) is \>= 18.0 to ≤\<= 35.0 kg/m\^2. * A condition of general good health, based upon the results of a medical history, physical examination, vital signs, laboratory profile and a 12-lead ECG. * CGI-S-BP score of ≥ 4 for depression and overall bipolar illness at screening (Visit 1) and baseline (Visit 2). * YMRS total score \<= 12 at screening (Visit 1) and baseline (Visit 2). * Participants on treatment with a single mood stabilizer (lithium, valproate, or lamotrigine), maintained at a stable dose for \>= 28 days prior to screening. Current mood stabilizer dose must remain unchanged for the duration of the study. * If taking lithium or valproate, participant must have a therapeutic blood level at screening of lithium (0.4 - 1.2 mg/dL) or valproate (50 - 125 mg/dL). * If taking lamotrigine, participant should be taking a dose within the FDA accepted range (50-400 mg/day, target dose is 200 mg/day) and investigator clinical judgment determines that the dose the participant is taking is likely to prevent onset of mood episodes. Exclusion Criteria: * History of an allergic reaction or significant sensitivity to constituents of the study drug (and its excipients) and/or other products in the same class. * History of or active medical conditions(s) that might interfere with the conduct of the study, confound the interpretation of the study results, or endanger the subject's well-being. This includes any unstable condition, history or evidence of malignancy (other than treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma), or any significant hematologic, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, or neurological disorder (if there is a history of such disease but the condition has been stable for more than 1 year, does not require treatment with prohibited medications, and is judged by the investigator not to interfere with the participant's participation in the study, the participant may be included in the study).

Inclusion Criteria: * Participant has a histologically and/or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of ER+ and/or PgR+ breast cancer by local laboratory. * Participant has HER2-negative breast cancer defined as a negative in situ hybridization test or an IHC status of 0, 1+ or 2+. If IHC is 2+, a negative in situ hybridization (Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), or Silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH)) test is required by local laboratory testing. * Participants should be at advanced or metastatic setting prior to treatment. * Written informed consent must be signed and dated by the patient and the investigator prior to inclusion. * Patients must be accessible for follow-up. Exclusion Criteria: • patients already treated with different treatments like chemotherapy, hormone therapy etc